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The 1980s and 1990s have seen competition emerge within industries traditionally imbued with monopoly status, for instance, the field of telecommunications. Within these industries, increased competition and the threat of the removal of statutory monopoly has resulted in greater awareness regarding the impact of quality on service and efficient pricing. Discusses, as an example, postal services, an industry of immense importance worldwide, suggests that the emphasis postal services place on the implementation of both timely and reliable service and competitive prices will inherently determine the success they will have withstanding the ever growing threat of international and national competition. While postal services and public utilities share similar peak‐load problems as discussed in the traditional natural monopoly literature, limited deferrability of mail service, together with service differentiated pricing, yields a framework sufficiently different so as to warrant a separate analysis. Presents a model which considers this analysis by developing welfare‐optimal prices, reliabilities and capacities under conditions of stochastic demand subject to reliability constraints on service quality and a minimum profit Ramsey constraint.

The purpose of this paper is to adopt “whole network” perspective and analyzes the governance and control mechanisms in the Universal Postal Union (UPU), one of the oldest and largest inter-governmental networks, through the lens of institutional entrepreneurship theory. The purpose is to introduce a typology of network governance forms to the accounting literature and to analyze the governance and management control mechanisms within the UPU, a “participatory federation” (Provan, 1983) type of network that has managed the challenges of collective collaboration since 1875.

The study benefits from unlimited access to all archival materials of the UPU such as minutes of Congress and committee meetings since 1875 as well as secondary documents and market studies related to the postal sector. The data reported in this study are derived from the archives of the UPU in Berne, Switzerland and interviews conducted with senior officials.

Drawing on the work of Provan (1983) and Provan and Kenis (2008) the authors identify five “ideal type” network governance forms based on such variables as differences in the relative power of network participants and whether these networks have arisen spontaneously or due to external coercion, the authors classify the UPU as a “participatory federation.” Within the theoretical boundaries of this typology the authors identify the multi level governance structures and the use of management control mechanisms by each level of governance. The authors introduce a distinction between the “network constitutional organization” that focusses on the socialization of network members and strategy-level orchestration of the overall network and the “network administrative organization” (NAO) that mobilizes management accounting and control mechanisms to monitor, encourage and facilitate member collaboration. The authors propose that control within a participatory federation is enacted through collective entrepreneurship by governance bodies using management accounting and control mechanisms as institutional carriers.

The paper is focussed on the current state of the UPU’s network structure and processes and did not explore the dynamics around the emergence of the different network governance and control mechanisms. An exploration of the collective construction by network participants of the need for these mechanisms would provide insights into how they emerge and might lead to a better understanding of the role of NAOs in networks.

The paper highlights the challenges faced by collaborative networks and identifies enabling characteristics of a participatory federation’s governance bodies. The empirical observations within the context of the UPU contribute to the theoretical understanding of the desirable characteristics of participatory federations that might be applicable to similar public and private collaborative networks

This study expands the knowledge of management accounting and control systems in networks. It bridges a gap in the accounting literature by adopting a “whole network” perspective and by differentiating types of network governance structures that use management accounting and control systems. This contributes to the understanding of accounting and control across the full range of organizational forms.

In an effort to help policy makers develop competitive postal service strategies, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the comparative operating efficiencies of postal services across the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations and then identify room for service improvement.

As a better alternative to the conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) which requires the proportional improvements of inputs and outputs simultaneously, the authors propose the combined use of both context-dependent and measure-specific DEAs to measure the relative attractiveness and progress of the national postal operators of OECD countries.

Defying the conventional notion that public enterprises operate less efficiently than private enterprises, the author discovered that some state-owned public enterprises such as postal service operators could still be efficient if managed properly. Even inefficient postal services operators could significantly improve their service performances, once they identified the root causes of their service failures. Through a series of model experiments and testing, the authors found that proposed context-dependent and measure-specific DEA models were more useful for finding such causes than the conventional DEA model.

For public officials and policy makers, the proposed DEAs can pinpoint what it takes to become more efficient and what steps need to be taken to improve postal service operations gradually.

This paper is the first to combine the context-dependent DEA with measure-specific DEA to evaluate the comparative efficiency (or progress) and inefficiency (or regress) of the national postal operators of 25 OECD countries.

Type of article Theoretical with worked example

Ramsey‐Boiteaux pricing to services offering limited deferability subject to reliability constraints with a specific application to postal services has been investigated by the first of the above authors in. The general results derived in his paper involve welfare‐optimal pricing for a monopolist faced with stochastic demands which impact both demand and cost. These stochastic demands are modeled by probability distributions with fixed parameters. In this paper we extend this approach to the case where the model parameters are not known with certainty. This uncertainty is dealt with by representing the distribution parameters as fuzzy sets in which the membership of a particular value in the fuzzy set represents the degree of belief associated with this parameter value. This approach requires the solution of a system of nonlinear equations for each possible combination of parameter values, and the result is a fuzzy solution vector. This solution vector is then defuzzified to obtain a specific solution to the problem. As in, we illustrate our approach with an application of welfare‐optimal pricing in the context of postal services. Section I reviews relevant literature and discusses the nature of postal services. The problem statement together with general results are presented in Section II, and applied to a postal service problem in Section III. These results are further illustrated via numerical example in section IV. Conclusions are presented in Section V.

Reports on recent attempts made at the US Postal Service to tackle cost effectiveness. Outlines thepostmaster′s efforts to streamline the organisation and deliver quality service. Demonstrates by the results at the Postal Service that improving customer service and cutting costs are not mutually exclusive.

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an original satisfaction survey in the context of a new public private partnership (PPP) in the Lebanese postal sector, highlighting traditionally overlooked linkages between PPPs, quality management and customer satisfaction. The ascendancy of PPPs in recent years has been attributed to key drivers including greater value for money, and enhanced service quality. However, very few studies to date have investigated the success of service performance improvement in the PPP context, by gauging customer satisfaction.

The paper is a literature review and customer satisfaction survey.

The findings in this paper suggest a good level of satisfaction with the quality of services received through the PPP in question but mixed results concerning the impact of consumer characteristics on satisfaction ratings.

In the paper the relationship between customer satisfaction and quality is reviewed. Customer satisfaction is measured in the PPP context and a neglected dimension in customer satisfaction measurement addressed namely, whether ratings of satisfaction vary systematically on the basis of customer characteristics.

When customers feel that they have no choice but to stay with their current provider to obtain a service that they need, they feel captive. This study aims to investigate customer captivity as a type of vulnerability and evaluate its effects on customers’ service evaluation and word-of-mouth (WOM) behavior, as well as to identify solutions that reduce customers’ feelings of captivity and improve their well-being.

This sequential, quantitative–qualitative, mixed-methods study draws from a survey of 1,017 customers and a qualitative analysis of 20 in-depth semi-structured interviews. Moderated mediation analysis is used to test the quantitative hypotheses; a thematic analysis explores the qualitative data.

The results of the quantitative study show that captivity emotions and price unfairness perceptions are two manifestations of customer captivity, which directly and indirectly affect service evaluations and WOM behavior. The findings of the qualitative study highlight how captive customers use emotional support-seeking negative word-of-mouth (NWOM) as a solution to reduce their captivity emotions and improve their well-being, by reinforcing their social ties and regaining a sense of control.

This study advances transformative service research by demonstrating how captivity affects customers’ well-being and customer vulnerability literature by investigating captivity as a type of vulnerability. It contributes to service marketing literature by identifying customer captivity as a boundary condition for generic service evaluation models.

Captive customers seek emotional support and consequently spread NWOM. Therefore, it is critical for service providers to reduce customers’ captivity feelings and implement adequate solutions to prevent NWOM and decrease the risk of negative impacts on their profitability.

Any customer can become vulnerable, due to contextual circumstances. This study focuses on customer captivity as a type of vulnerability and proposes adapted solutions to improve customers’ well-being.

According to the Parasuraman‐Berry‐Zeithaml conjecture, the greater the importance of a given quality dimension, the thinner the corresponding tolerance zone would be. This paper seeks to test the conjecture when attribute items are individually considered. The original data have been collected to assess the quality of postal services in Brazil. A qualitative stage yielded a list comprising 39 attribute items. In the quantitative stage the three‐column format of a SERVQUAL questionnaire was employed to permit the computation of importance weights and tolerance widths for each attribute item. The questionnaire was mailed to a sample of some 5,900 firms. About 10 per cent (540) of mailed questionnaires returned and were considered valid. The values obtained for the correlation coefficients were significantly negative and consistently close to each other. The inverse association between importance and tolerance of service quality attributes was then accepted. The most interesting consequence of this finding is that simply ordering the computed width of attributes’ zones of tolerance will yield the most important attributes. Other implications are also discussed.

This paper aims to extend the topics from a 2007 paper to stimulate debate on strategic issues vital for the long-term success of supply chains (SCs). The authors upgraded from SC process modelling towards SC business model management; from information to knowledge transfer and from the maturity of SC to dynamic capabilities. The paper attempts to identify and connect the elements of SC business model and the key issues for development of dynamic capabilities to enable future redesign of business models.

The paper develops two frameworks showing the elements of an SC business model and the interconnection of those elements and dynamic capabilities. The use of these frameworks is demonstrated in a case study of Post of Slovenia. The case uses both primary and secondary data gathered from interviews, publicly accessible articles and internal reports.

An SC should develop the elements of its business model in such a way that it will be able to continually change its existing or add a new business model from the AS-IS state to a currently unpredictable “TO-BE” state as a response to currently unknown changes in its business model.

The selection of the elements in the frameworks is partly arbitrary. A single case study was conducted.

SCs should not simply focus on improving the maturity/efficiency of current processes but can use the findings to carefully design their current business model and develop dynamic capabilities for future changes.

This paper summarises and extends the recent literature through the dynamic capabilities approach and business model management and proposes two frameworks and identifies topics relevant for future development of the SCM field.