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The small but strategic territory of Hong Kong has completed a decade of explosive growth in technical education, and further expansion is planned throughout the eighties. At the start of the last decade the territory had only one technical institute. Now it has five — together with a Polytechnic. Dan Waters, Assistant Director of Education of the Hong Kong Government and the man responsible for technical education, claims:

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between state economic development incentives programs and entrepreneurial activity.

The authors use panel data and a fixed-effects model to examine the determinants of five measures of entrepreneurial activity. To measure state economic development incentives programs, they use a new and substantially improved data set from Bartik (2017). They also include a measure for economic freedom, the Fraser Institute’s Economic Freedom of North America index.

The authors find a robustly negative relationship between development incentives and patent activity. They find some evidence that incentives are negatively associated with small business establishments (<10 employees) as a percentage of total establishments but positively associated with the large business establishment (>500 employees) share. They also find evidence of a positive relationship between economic freedom and both patent activity and net business formation.

The results imply that economic development incentive programs are unlikely to increase entrepreneurial activity and may decrease it. They also imply increased economic freedom (lower taxes, lower spending, and lower governmental restrictions on labor markets) may increase entrepreneurial activity.

To the authors’ knowledge, this paper provides the first examination of the relationship between development incentives and entrepreneurial activity that utilizes Bartik (2017), a new vastly improved data set of state economic development incentive programs. The paper also contributes to the literature on the relationship between economic freedom and entrepreneurial activity.

This article reviews the overall issue of sweatshop labour practices, with a particular focus on the apparel industry. Although sweatshop labour exists in the United States, the media focus in recent years has centred mainly on overseas manufacture. This article will review individual companies and the practices of which they have been accused. The issue of labour compensation will also be explored, as low wages is the target reason for many apparel manufacturers to source their production overseas. Appendices to this article include Foreign Labour Statistics, outlining foreign labour compensation as compared to that of the United States. This article will also review the focus of the White House Industry Partnership and United Students Against Sweatshops. Lastly, there is a detailed recommendation for suggested required information on all apparel products labelling, which would summarise the manufacturer's quality of labour practices on the garment label; thus providing the consumer with immediate information on the environment under which the item was manufactured.

Discusses the unequal allocation of social capital in society and makes the point that network membership is not at once available to all. Sees social capital as springing from small groups that work together, perhaps competing with others, to achieve common rewards, thereby pursuing locally shared benefits. Concludes that specific definitions of social capital are superior to others especially in examining the full array of social ties which migrants use in creating ethnic economies and communities.

February 9,1971 Factory — Safety — Electricity regulations — Accident while working on fuse box — Live side of box not isolated — Usual practice — Duties of occupier and workman under regulations — Electricity (Factories Acts) Regulations, 1908 (S.R. & O. 1908, No 1312), reg. 1

Purpose – In light of the recent report on regulation by the CMO of England and Wales and the subsequent Department of Health White Paper, this paper aims to consider the nexus between revalidation, appraisal and clinical governance. It provides a summary of the history of revalidation in the UK and explores how revalidation is linked to annual appraisal. It further considers the implications of this relationship and its potential impact on clinical governance and practise. Design/methodology/approach – This is a policy review related to revalidation and appraisal including primary sources from the Department of Health, the GMC, Fifth report of the Shipman Inquiry and published journal articles. Findings – Local clinical governance will be a significant part of the route to re‐licensing for the vast majority of doctors working in the NHS and many of the larger private sector hospitals. Although it will be used for two different purposes, it is generally accepted that the information collected by doctors for their annual appraisal will also form the basis of evidence for revalidation. If appraisal is to be effective, robust and consistent, it is important that the clinical governance framework within which it operates is appropriately designed for its increased role within the regulatory system. Originality/value – This paper is a valuable summary and introduction to the concept of revalidation in the UK, its history and its impact on clinical governance and regulation. It provides a timely review and analysis of the proposed changes to clinical governance at the local, SHA level and the strengthened connection between consultant appraisal and revalidation, contained in both the Department of Health White Paper – Trust, Assurance and Safety and the report – Good Doctors, Safer Patients, by the Chief Medical Officer for England and Wales.