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The purpose of this study is to investigate whether customers perceive current cruise ship safety measures provided as meeting a sense of security and their influence on purchase intention. Three types of potential risks associated with cruise lines evaluated were external/internal attacks, malfunctions/accidents and onboard medical/health issues.

A survey used 12 safety measures questions to examine how cruise ships handle the above three risks, three questions to measure a sense of security and three questions to measure purchase intention. A seven-point Likert scale was applied. Convenience sampling was used. There were 163 valid responses collected.

All three safety measures evaluated in this study had a direct and positive effect on passengers' Sense of Security. Also, Safety Measure (SM) 2 and Sense of Security had direct and positive effects on purchase intention. Finally, SM1 and SM3 have only indirect impacts on Purchase Intentions via Sense of Security.

Because of the small sample size and the convenience sampling method, the results of this study may lack generalizability.

Cruise managers should be aware that merely providing safety measures that are regulated by guidelines is not sufficient, and passengers must personally see and experience safety measures.

This study evaluated not only customers’ perceptions of safety measures on a cruise ship but also their impact on a sense of security and how that played a moderating role in purchase intention.

This purpose of this paper is to evaluate the experiences of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in China's urban rail development, investigates the critical factors impacting on the project viability and derives lessons for future urban rail PPP projects in China and elsewhere.

A case study of the Beijing Metro Line 4 project was adopted as the main research method with semi-structured interviews with senior practitioners and experienced academics as the primary data collection instrument. Qualitative data were collected and subjected to content analysis.

The case study provides six critical factors which are required to facilitate PPP urban rail development: streamlined approval process; robust tendering; strong leadership within the public procuring authority; effective organisational structure and the private sector innovation; commensurate charging approach and government subsidising scheme; and appropriate risk allocation. The research shows that the potential to directly re-apply the Beijing Metro Line 4 model to future urban rail development is limited, but lessons for future urban rail PPPs can still be drawn from the study.

The paper serves as an illustration to public procuring authorities and potential private investors on how to structure and manage urban rail PPPs.

The research presents an original investigation of China’s first urban rail PPP, the Beijing Metro Line 4 project and assesses the applicability of the Beijing model to future PPP projects in urban rail development.