Search results

The reliability of 0·5 mm pitch, 208‐pin FQFP solder joints has been studied by experimental temperature cycling and 3‐D nonlinear finite element analysis. Temperature cycling results have been presented as a Weibull distribution. Thermal fatigue life of the solder joints has been estimated based on the calculated plastic strain and isothermal fatigue data on solders. A correlation between the experimental and analytical results has also been made.

The fields of organizational behavior (OB)/strategy and marketing have taken different paths over the past two decades to understanding organizational learning. OB/strategy has been pre-occupied with theory development and case study illustrations, whereas marketing has taken a highly quantitative path. Although relying on essentially the same foundation theory, the two disciplines have had minimal crossfertilization. Furthermore, both fields tend to blur or usually ignore the distinction between structural and informal knowledge processes. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the distinction between informal and structural knowledge acquisition and dissemination processes and propose new definitions to differentiate them. Future research should bring together cross-disciplinary studies from OB/strategy and marketing to develop an organizational learning framework to test structural knowledge processes alongside informal knowledge processes.

This paper aims to understand how experience with the fringe effects of a cyclone influences perception of cyclone severity. Understanding how certain types of experience influences risk perception should help to clarify why there is an unclear link between experience and risk perception within the existing literature.

A total of 155 respondents with fringe cyclone experience were recruited to fill in a closed-ended question survey. The survey was designed to assess perceptions of a previous cyclone and future cyclone severity.

Most respondents who had experienced the fringe effects of a cyclone overestimated the wind speed in their location. Respondents who overestimated previous cyclone wind speed also predicted less damage from future Category 5 cyclones.

This research indicates that overestimating the severity of past cyclones can have a detrimental effect on how people predict damage due to high category cyclones.

The findings suggest that people with fringe cyclone experience need additional information to help reshape their perceptions of cyclone severity.

This paper provides a unique perspective on the relationship between experience and risk perception by demonstrating that experience on the fringe of a cyclone has a negative influence on risk perception.

This chapter aims to advance the debate on enterprise risk management (ERM) frameworks within different contexts. We discuss the economic, business and regulatory environments that set the framework for company risk management practices in Lithuania while contrasting ERM features at the company level. ERM practices are examined using two company cases – a private business company and a state-owned enterprise (SOE), and evidence is based on interviews with their management, as well as their documentation. The findings indicate the co-existence of a functional vs systematic approach to risk management. Moreover, evidence supports the notion of the shifting of risk management from a functional risk management approach to a systematic approach within risk portfolio management. We assume that risk management is a conceptualized subject of management and research, with a rather weak connection with enterprise goals and operations.

This paper aims to investigate the evolution of enterprise risk management (ERM) out of fragmented disciplinary perspectives to provide a foundation for promoting interdisciplinary research and proposes a design science approach for more effective ERM implementation in organizations.

This conceptual paper synthesizes ERM research and practice from multiple disciplines.

Corporate risk management concepts were born in academic finance and developed further in the finance subset known as risk management and insurance. With the advent of ERM, efforts must broaden beyond applying statistical models to quantifiable risks. Other disciplines have expanded ERM research by embracing techniques to investigate risk management practices to produce knowledge that integrates practice and theory. ERM is promoted as integrated risk management, yet silos still remain in both practice and research.

This study provides a foundation and a proposal for moving ERM past academic and organizational silos, which is necessary to achieve the ERM philosophy and increase organizational resilience. Understanding the evolution and fragmented nature of ERM research and practice provides a foundation for interdisciplinary cooperation necessary to achieve the holistic ERM philosophy. A next frontier is effective ERM implementation. This paper argues for an organizational design science approach for mitigating the resistance to change that confounds effective implementation of ERM in organizations facing an increasingly uncertain environment and outlines future research for applying the approach to implementing the ISO 31000 risk management process.

The macroenvironment constitutes a widely acknowledged source of firms’ risk in international business. A substantial body of research on macroenvironmental risks encapsulates a variety of measurement approaches, antecedents, and managerial consequences. However, a review of established macroenvironmental risk measures reveals that these measures strongly focus on the quality of the macroenvironment, assuming a rather static perspective and mainly excluding dynamic aspects. Building on prior research on macroenvironmental risk as well as on environmental dynamism, we argue that macroenvironmental dynamism – i.e. the frequency, intensity, and predictability of macroenvironmental variation – is a pivotal source of risk in international business, which so far only received limited attention. Moreover, we suggest that macroenvironmental dynamism influences firms’ risk management activities, a measure we use to empirically investigate firm implications of macroenvironmental dynamism. We explore this effect using primary survey data on risk management activities from 158 foreign subsidiaries in six emerging countries and secondary data on the macroeconomic context in these countries. We find evidence that macroenvironmental dynamism, if compared to macroenvironmental quality, exerts a strong influence on firms’ risk management activities. Our findings enhance the understanding of the dynamic nature of macroenvironmental risk in international business as well as provide a concept to more comprehensively measure macroenvironmental dynamism that future research can build upon.

The present chapter tries to assess the state of art of enterprise risk management (ERM) among Portuguese non-financial companies regarding two main aspects: the ERM background in Portugal and the level of disclosure of ERM practices by non-financial listed companies. Since the analysis of disclosures is useful to understand the level of evolution and adoption of ERM framework we tried to assess the ERM practices disclosed by 26 Portuguese non-financial listed companies at the Euronext Lisbon Stock Exchange regulated market, during the period of 2006–2016. Main findings indicate that regulation on ERM in Portugal emanates from three main Codes (The Portuguese Companies Code, The Stock Exchange Code, and The Corporate Governance Code). The ERM professionalization in Portugal is its infancy and has been promoted mainly by the Institute of Portuguese Internal Auditors. Moreover, research on topics such as risk reporting and risk management/ERM is very scarce. Overall, findings of prior literature are consistent with results from our exploratory study. We conclude that Portuguese non-financial listed companies still disclose very little information on ERM activities. However, over the period of analysis, the disclosure practices evolved positively. Findings show that ERM disclosure can still be extensively improved in the future.