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This study aims to introduce a variety of integrable Boussinesq equations with distinct dimensions.

The author formally uses the simplified Hirota’s method and lump schemes for exploring lump solutions, which are rationally localized in all directions in space.

The author confirms the lump solutions for every model illustrated by some graphical representations.

The author examines the features of the obtained lumps solutions.

The author presents a variety of lump solutions via using a variety of numerical values of the included parameters.

This study formally furnishes useful algorithms for using symbolic computation with Maple for the determination of lump solutions.

This paper introduces an original work with newly useful findings of lump solutions.

This paper aims to study the breather, lump-kink and interaction solutions of a (3 + 1)-dimensional generalized shallow water waves (GSWW) equation, which describes water waves propagating in the ocean or is used for simulating weather.

Hirota bilinear form and the direct method are used to construct breather and lump-kink solutions of the GSWW equation. The “rational-cosh-cos-type” test function is applied to obtain three kinds of interaction solutions.

The fusion and fission of the interaction solutions between a lump wave and a 1-kink soliton of the GSWW equation are studied. The dynamics of three kinds of interaction solutions between lump, kink and periodic waves are discussed graphically.

This paper studies the breather, lump-kink and interaction solutions of the GSWW equation by using various approaches and provides some phenomena that have not been studied.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the effect of material hardening model and lump-pass method on the thermal-elastic-plastic (TEP) finite element (FE) simulation of residual stress induced by multi-pass welding of materials with cyclic plasticity.

Nickel-base alloy and stainless steel, which are used in J-type weld for manufacturing the nuclear reactor pressure head, can easily harden during multi-pass welding. The J-weld welding experiment is carried out and the temperature cycle and residual stress are measured to validate the TEP simulation. Thermal-mechanical sequence coupling method is employed to get the welding residual stress. The lumped-pass model and pass-by-pass FE model are built and two materials hardening models, kinematic hardening model and mixed hardening model, are adopted during the simulations. The effects of material hardening models and lumped-pass method on the residual stress in J-weld are distinguished.

Based on the kinematic hardening model, the stresses simulated with the lumped-pass FE model are almost consistent with those obtained by the pass-by-pass FE model; while with the mixed hardening material model, the lumped-pass method has great effect on the simulated stress.

A computation with mixed isotropic-kinematic material seems not to be the appropriate solution when using the lumped-pass method to save the computation time.

In the simulation of multi-pass welding residual stress involved in materials with cyclic plasticity, the material hardening model should be carefully considered. The kinematic hardening model with lump-pass FE model can be used to get better simulation results with less computation time. The results give a direction for welding residual stress simulation for the large structure such as the reactor pressure vessel.

The purpose of this study is to examine the lump solutions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations by considering a (3 + 1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (gKP) equation and a (3 + 1)-dimensional variable-coefficient generalized B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (vcgBKP) equation as examples.

Based on Hirota’s bilinear theory, a direct method is used to examine the lump solutions of these two equations.

The complete non-elastic interaction solutions between a lump and a stripe are also discussed for the equations, which show that the lump solitons are swallowed by the stripe solitons.

The dynamics of these solutions are analyzed to enrich the diversity of the dynamics of high-dimensional KP-type nonlinear wave equations.

The traditional method of compensation for a future continuing loss in UK tort law has always been by means of a lump-sum payment.¹ The lump sum is calculated by means of a simple formula in which a net annual sum (the multiplicand) is multiplied by a factor (the multiplier) that takes into account early receipt by a rate of discount periodically set by the Lord Chancellor (at 2.5 percent since June 2001). The resulting sum provides a ‘rough and ready’ estimate of the capital sum that, if invested to achieve a real net rate of return of 2.5 percent, will fund the estimated annual loss over the expected period of that loss. The operation of this formula in the calculation of damages for loss of future earnings was demonstrated in previous chapters (4) and (5) of this volume.

This paper aims to propose a new (3+1)-dimensional integrable Hirota bilinear equation characterized by five linear partial derivatives and three nonlinear partial derivatives.

The authors formally use the simplified Hirota's method and lump schemes for determining multiple soliton solutions and lump solutions, which are rationally localized in all directions in space.

The Painlevé analysis shows that the compatibility condition for integrability does not die away at the highest resonance level, but integrability characteristics is justified through the Lax sense.

Multiple-soliton solutions are explored using the Hirota's bilinear method. The authors also furnish a class of lump solutions using distinct values of the parameters via the positive quadratic function method.

The authors also retrieve a bunch of other solutions of distinct structures such as solitonic, periodic solutions and ratio of trigonometric functions solutions.

This work formally furnishes algorithms for extending integrable equations and for the determination of lump solutions.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper introduces an original work with newly developed Lax-integrable equation and shows new useful findings.

Advancements in aerospace technologies, which rely on unsteady fluid dynamics, are being hindered by a lack of easy to use, computationally efficient unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Existing CFD platforms are capable of handling unsteady flapping, but the time, money and expertise required to run even a basic flapping simulation make design iteration and optimization prohibitively expensive for the average researcher.

In the present paper, a remedy to model the effects of viscosity is introduced to the original vortex method, in which the pitching moment amplitude grew over time for simulations involving multiple flapping cycles. The new approach described herein lumps far-field wake vortices to mimic the vortex decay, which is shown to improve the accuracy of the solution while keeping the pitching moment amplitude under control, especially for simulations involving many flapping cycles.

In addition to improving the accuracy of the solution, the new method greatly reduces the computation time for simulations involving many flapping cycles. The solution of the original vortex method and the new method are compared to published Navier–Stokes solver data and show very good agreement.

By utilizing a novel unsteady vortex method, which has been designed specifically to handle the highly unsteady flapping wing problems, it has been shown that the time to compute a solution is reduced by several orders of magnitude (Denda et al., 2016). Despite the success of the vortex method, especially for a small number of flapping cycles, the solution deteriorates as the number of flapping cycles increases due to the inherent lack of viscosity in the vortex method.

The paper deals with a spatial discretization of transient semiconductor device equations. The method can be regarded as a combination of FDM‐ and FEM‐ideas. In the first part of the paper the method is described and—for a weakly acute triangulation—existence, uniqueness, non‐negativity, stability and conservativity of the semidiscrete solution are proved. The second part contains an error estimation under stronger assumptions on the regularity of the analytical solution and on the uniformity of the triangulation respectively. A linear convergence rate is obtained.

This study aims to develop two integrable shallow water wave equations, of higher-dimensions, and with constant and time-dependent coefficients, respectively. The author derives multiple soliton solutions and a class of lump solutions which are rationally localized in all directions in space.

The author uses the simplified Hirota’s method and lump technique for determining multiple soliton solutions and lump solutions as well. The author shows that the developed (2+1)- and (3+1)-dimensional models are completely integrable in in the Painlené sense.

The paper reports new Painlevé-integrable extended equations which belong to the shallow water wave medium.

The author addresses the integrability features of this model via using the Painlevé analysis. The author reports multiple soliton solutions for this equation by using the simplified Hirota’s method.

The obtained lump solutions include free parameters; some parameters are related to the translation invariance and the other parameters satisfy a non-zero determinant condition.

The work presents useful algorithms for constructing new integrable equations and for the determination of lump solutions.

The paper presents an original work with newly developed integrable equations and shows useful findings of solitary waves and lump solutions.

This paper aims to introduce a new (3 + 1)-dimensional fourth-order integrable equation characterized by second-order derivative in time t. The new equation models both right- and left-going waves in a like manner to the Boussinesq equation.

This formally uses the simplified Hirota’s method and lump schemes for determining multiple soliton solutions and lump solutions, which are rationally localized in all directions in space.

This paper confirms the complete integrability of the newly developed (3 + 1)-dimensional model in the Painevé sense.

This paper addresses the integrability features of this model via using the Painlevé analysis.

This paper presents a variety of lump solutions via using a variety of numerical values of the included parameters.

This work formally furnishes useful algorithms for extending integrable equations and for the determination of lump solutions.

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper introduces an original work with newly developed integrable equation and shows useful findings of solitons and lump solutions.