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A two‐stage gas gun has been built at British Aerospace's Sowerby Research Centre, Filton, Bristol. The gas gun, a company investment in a high technology future, is used as a tool in a materials research programme to study the physics of hypervelocity impact. It is unique for its size and versatility and can be ‘fired’ up to five times per day in tests presently being conducted with one gramme projectiles striking targets at velocities up to 3.2 km/second.

The purpose of this paper is to find the optimum configuration of the composite launch tube currently being developed in Roketsan. The winding thicknesses and winding angles of the launch tube are selected as design variables, and three different composite material alternatives are evaluated: glass/epoxy, carbon/epoxy and aramid/epoxy.

In this study, structural optimization of a composite launch tube of man portable air defense system is conducted. To achieve a cost-effective design, a cost scoring table that includes structural weight, material cost, availability and manufacturability is first introduced. Then, optimization for minimum weight is conducted, where the winding thicknesses and winding angle are taken as design variables, and the safety factor value obtained by using the Tsai–Wu damage criterion is used as constraint. A surrogate-based optimization approach is used where various options for surrogate models are evaluated. Glass/epoxy, carbon/epoxy and aramid/epoxy are considered as alternative materials for the launch tube. Finally, the selection of the most cost-effective design is performed to achieve optimum cost.

Carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix material provides the optimum cost-effective design for the launch tube.

The findings of the paper can be used to design more cost-efficient composite launch tube currently being developed in Roketsan.

The existing studies are based on a design approach to achieve minimum weight of the launch tubes, whereas this study introduces a design approach to achieve optimum cost.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight current changes in the way people communicate, and the role of You Tube in leading these changes

The approach takes the form of the author's observations and reflections.

With close to 100 million examples online, and growing exponentially, You Tube, and short video in general, are dramatically affecting the way in which today's Americans – especially young people – communicate and learn. In only five years, short video has moved from a medium for isolated, perhaps geeky young people to express themselves, to a two‐way medium used by mainstream people all over the world – including many experts and intellectuals – to share information and ideas. Today so much information is shared through video that, for perhaps 80 percent of Americans, reading and writing are rarely used skills, and becoming even more so.

While it is admitted that there remains a (relatively small) group for whom reading and writing will continue to be important, the question is “Should we continue to struggle to teach reading and writing to the great percentage of students, or should we focus on teaching clear communication of ideas through media that are easier to use?”

The paper provides a new perspective on the meaning of communication and the role of textual literacy in life and education in the near future.

Accles & Pollock Ltd. of Oldbury, Worcestershire, a TI Steel Tube Division company, will be exhibiting a comprehensive range of precision steel tube and tubular products, including plain, annularly convoluted and thin wall tube, at Farnborough.

NASA and an industrial high‐speed civil transport propulsion team is studying whether to plan a potentially expensive series of flight tests to analyse performance of components critical to the success of supersonic aircraft.

This paper aims to explore the relationship between the various variables present in the packaging plastic waste management system in the cosmetics industry.

In this paper, the authors deal with plastic packaging waste in the cosmetic industry with the help of system dynamics. The model broadly divides the system into six sections – Cosmetic Packaging, Waste Generation, Waste Collected, Waste Sorted, Waste Treated and Waste Dumped. Businesses have been investing in each section depending on their progress and targets. The authors are looking at case studies of two leading cosmetic brands, L'Oréal and L'Occitane en Provence, to validate the industry practices against our model.

From a business perspective, using the case study methodology for L'Oréal and L'Occitane, the authors inferred that out of the various investment vehicles available, companies are targeting technological advancement and third-party collaborations as they have the potential to offer the greatest visible change. However, most of these investments are going toward the treatment subsection. Still, there is a scope for improvement in the collection and sorting subsystems, increasing the efficiency of the whole chain.

There has been a lot of research on packaging plastic waste management in the past, but only a few of them focused on the cosmetic industry. This study aims to connect all the possible variables involved in the cosmetic industry’s packaging plastic waste management system and provide a clear output variable for various businesses looking to manage their packaging waste because of their products efficiently.