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The theory of finance is built around return and risk concepts and a basic tenet of finance is that there is a trade off between the risk and returns of assets. As such the measurement of risk goes to the very core and foundation of the theory of finance. Given that the main theories of finance have been maturing over several decades of discussion and debate, one would imagine that a concept as fundamental as the measurement of risk would be a well settled issue by now. On the contrary, the recent finance literature shows ample evidence that risk measurement and risk concepts are drawing continued scrutiny from academic researchers. This is because there are several alternative, and competing ways in which risk can be conceived of and it is not clear which of the alternative concepts is most appropriate. Each concept of risk can be measured or estimated in several ways as well. Estimation methods can be diverse in their precision. Risk measurement can be further complicated by the fact that risk is not a static feature. Risk changes over time. Whether risk changes can be modelled satisfactorily is a major challenge taken up by researchers.

This study aims to examine the effect of top management vision on top management support, practice, and the employment of managers with disabilities within the sport industry.

A questionnaire was developed to collect data on perception of top management vision, top management support, supportive practices, and representation of managers with disabilities in sport organizations and sent to 500 collegiate and professional sport organizations in the USA. In total, 196 respondents (39 percent) returned their completed survey forms, of which 190 forms were useable. Data were analyzed using path analysis.

The results indicated a significant path between supportive practices and the representation of managers with disabilities (β = 0.15, p < 0.05). Top management vision was also shown as a significant positive moderator of the relationship between top management support and supportive practices.

Results suggest that top management vision is an important addition to top management support for facilitating the implementation of supportive practices, which, in turn, increase the representation of persons with disabilities in managerial positions.

This is the first known empirical investigation examining the role of top management vision and top management support in creating managerial opportunities for persons with disabilities.