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Generative conversational artificial intelligence (AI) demonstrates powerful conversational skills for general tasks but requires customization for specific tasks. The quality of a custom generative conversational AI highly depends on users’ guidance, which has not been studied by previous research. This study uses social exchange theory to examine how generative conversational AI’s cognitive and emotional conversational skills affect users’ guidance through different types of user engagement, and how these effects are moderated by users’ relationship norm orientation.

Based on data collected from 589 actual users using a two-wave survey, this study employed partial least squares structural equation modeling to analyze the proposed hypotheses. Additional analyses were performed to test the robustness of our research model and results.

The results reveal that cognitive conversational skills (i.e. tailored and creative responses) positively affected cognitive and emotional engagement. However, understanding emotion influenced cognitive engagement but not emotional engagement, and empathic concern influenced emotional engagement but not cognitive engagement. In addition, cognitive and emotional engagement positively affected users’ guidance. Further, relationship norm orientation moderated some of these effects such that the impact of user engagement on user guidance was stronger for communal-oriented users than for exchange-oriented users.

First, drawing on social exchange theory, this study empirically examined the drivers of users’ guidance in the context of generative conversational AI, which may enrich the user guidance literature. Second, this study revealed the moderating role of relationship norm orientation in influencing the effect of user engagement on users’ guidance. The findings will deepen our understanding of users’ guidance. Third, the findings provide practical guidelines for designing generative conversational AI from a general AI to a custom AI.

This paper aims to reveal the influence of the grooved texture parameters on the lubrication performance of circular pocket-roller pairs in cylindrical roller bearings.

In this paper, the thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication mathematical model of the grooved texture circular pocket-roller pair was established, the finite difference method and successive over-relaxation method were used to solve the model, the influence of texture quantity, texture depth and texture area ratio on circumferential bearing capacity, friction coefficient, maximum temperature rise, stiffness and damping of the circular pocket-roller pairs were analyzed.

The results show that texture quantity, texture depth and texture area ratio significantly influence the static and dynamic characteristics of circular pocket-roller pairs. The suitable surface groove texture parameters can dramatically improve the circumferential bearing capacity, reduce the friction coefficient, inhibit the maximum temperature rise and increase the stiffness and damping of the circular pocket-roller pairs.

The research in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the optimization design of pockets in cylindrical roller bearings to reduce friction and vibration.

This study aims to understand the influence of raceway surface topography on the temperature rise characteristics of silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) full ceramic ball bearing and improve its service life.

The arithmetic average height S_a, skewness S_sk and kurtosis S_ku in the three-dimensional surface roughness parameters are used to quantitatively characterize the surface topography of the raceway after superfinishing. The bearing life testing machine is used to test the Si₃N₄ full ceramic ball bearing using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cage under dry friction conditions, and the self-lubricating full ceramic ball bearing heat generation model is established.

With the decrease of S_a and S_sk on the raceway surface and the increase of S_ku, the average height of the raceway surface decreases, and the peaks and valleys tend to be symmetrically distributed on the average surface, and the surface texture becomes tighter. This kind of raceway surface topography is beneficial to form a thin and uniform filamentous PTFE transfer film with a wide coverage area on the raceway surface based on consuming less cage materials and improving the temperature rise characteristics of hot isostatic pressing silicon nitride full ceramic ball bearings.

The research results provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable selection of Si₃N₄ ring raceway processing technology and have important significance for improving the working characteristics and service life of Si₃N₄ full ceramic ball bearings under dry friction conditions.

The impact of environmental regulations on ecological innovation is a contested issue in current research. However, there is no uniform consensus on existing conclusions. It is commonly accepted among scholars that external environment and organizational characteristics are key factors affecting ecological innovation. However, these are often analyzed in isolation, without consideration of the interaction between leadership and external environment. So this study aims to explore the impact of environmental regulation on ecological innovation by combining internal and external factors.

Based on institutional theory and leadership theory, this paper takes environmental regulation as the independent variable, environmental leadership as the intermediary variable and intellectual property protection level as the regulating variable to explore the impact mechanism of environmental regulation on ecological innovation.

The findings indicate an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and ecological innovation. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between environmental leadership and intellectual property protection level with ecological innovation. Furthermore, environmental leadership partially mediates the relationship between environmental regulation and ecological innovation. However, the level of intellectual property protection does not have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between environmental leadership and ecological innovation.

This paper proposes suggestions for regional ecological innovation based on the current policy and research situation to promote its development.