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This paper considers and discusses analytically the optimal preventive maintenance (PM) policies of aged plants such as fossil‐fired power plants.

Shocks are assumed to occur at a nonhomogeneous Poisson process and the total damage due to each shock is additive. The system undergoes the PM at a certain time or the total damage exceeds a managerial level. The expected cost rate until PM is derived and optimal policies which minimizes it are discussed.

There exists a unique optimal time (T*) or managerial level (k*) which minimizes the expected cost rate. But there does not exist a positive pair (T*, k*), simultaneously.

The damage occurrence distribution is assumed to be nonhomogeneous Poisson one.

Useful methods to consider the optimal PM policies for power plant engineers.

This paper contributes to users of aged power plants economically and practically.

This study aims to investigate the motivations behind visiting music performers’ attendance at a music festival in the context of a rural Japanese island and how these motivations are connected to community revitalization within the framework of social exchange theory.

Participant observation and 20 in-depth semi structured interviews were conducted with the visiting musicians at the Kurahashi East-West Music Festival on Kurahashi-jima in Hiroshima Prefecture. A qualitative analysis approach using thematic coding, grounded in social exchange theory, was employed to examine the perspectives of the participants.

The findings identified seven key themes related to motivation: performing and interacting with fellow musicians, for leisure performing or “fun”, providing a cultural experience to the community, participating for tourism purposes, because of sense of belonging to the destination, to collaborate with a prominent musician, and loyalty and commitment to a performance group. The results demonstrated that leisure performance and musician interaction were the most dominant themes in terms of motivation, while the importance of the other themes varied.

By employing social exchange theory at a micro-level, this study delved deeper into the motivations perceived by visiting performing musicians at music festivals and their implications for community revitalization. The insights gained from this research provide valuable implications for festival organizers, performers and community leaders to tailor music festivals for community revitalization.

Examines the Japanese fruit market, which, as a result of production and distribution factors, represents a viable target for fruit exporters around the world. The study provides guidance for fruit exporters by identifying three fruit‐specific segments based on fruit‐specific lifestyle factors. The process of identifying the lifestyle factors relies on a cross‐culturally validated theoretical framework developed within the context of food consumption. Cluster analysis is used to identify the segments: creative/highly involved; practical/moderately involved, and aesthetic/uninvolved. These three segments of the everyday fruit consumption market are characterized in terms of fruit shopping, fruit consumption, and socioeconomic factors. The creative/highly involved segment, older and more traditional, represents today’s heavy‐consumer of fruit in Japan, followed closely by the practical/moderately involved segment. Although the aesthetic/uninvolved segment is composed of relatively light consumers, its demographics suggest that exporters need to develop this segment in order to succeed in this market.