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The problem of automating visual inspection is considered along with the developments that are likely to occur.

Nobody concerned with political economy can neglect the history of economic doctrines. Structural changes in the economy and society influence economic thinking and, conversely, innovative thought structures and attitudes have almost always forced economic institutions and modes of behaviour to adjust. We learn from the history of economic doctrines how a particular theory emerged and whether, and in which environment, it could take root. We can see how a school evolves out of a common methodological perception and similar techniques of analysis, and how it has to establish itself. The interaction between unresolved problems on the one hand, and the search for better solutions or explanations on the other, leads to a change in paradigma and to the formation of new lines of reasoning. As long as the real world is subject to progress and change scientific search for explanation must out of necessity continue.

The idea of this paper is to present optical and microwave systems making use of new materials. Materials science as an interdisciplinary field has pushed on the development of revolutionary technologies such as polymer, semiconductors and nanomaterials. A brief introduction to optical and related microwave transmission systems was given; pure-optical, fiber-optic, Radar, WLAN and hybrid transmission systems have been taken into account. Principle operations and first promising experimental results in telecom and automotive applications have been shown. Also using Radar techniques we presented a Matlab/Simulink model of a correlation method for speed measurement allowing a variation of all known parameters.