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1 – 10 of over 4000This purpose of this article is to solve the problem of bidding on keywords in newly set-up search engine advertising campaigns. Advertisers setting up search engine advertising…
Abstract
Purpose
This purpose of this article is to solve the problem of bidding on keywords in newly set-up search engine advertising campaigns. Advertisers setting up search engine advertising campaigns for the first time need to place bids on keywords, but typically lack experience and data to determine ranks that maximize a keyword’s profit (generally referred to as a cold-start problem).
Design/methodology/approach
The authors suggest that advertisers collect data from the Google Keyword Planner to obtain precise estimates of the percentage increases in prices per click and click-through rates, which are needed to calculate optimal bids (exact approach). Together with the profit contribution per conversion and the conversion rate, the advertiser might then set bids that maximize profit. In case advertisers cannot afford to collect the required data, the authors suggest two proxy approaches and evaluate their performance using the exact approach as a benchmark.
Findings
The empirical study shows that both proxy approaches perform reasonably well, the easier approach to implement (Proxy 2) sometimes performs even better than the more sophisticated one (Proxy 1). As a consequence, advertisers might just use this very simple proxy when bidding on keywords in newly set-up search engine advertising campaigns.
Originality/value
This research extends the stream of literature on how to determine optimal bids, which so far focuses on campaigns that are already running and where the required data to calculate bids are already available. This research offers a novel approach of determining bids when advertisers lack the aforementioned information.
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Gemma Tejedor, Martí Rosas-Casals and Jordi Segalas
This paper aims to identify patterns and trends taking place in engineering education in sustainability, through analyzing the evolution of research conducted in relevant…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to identify patterns and trends taking place in engineering education in sustainability, through analyzing the evolution of research conducted in relevant publications in the field of engineering education for sustainability in the past decades.
Design/methodology/approach
First, a bibliometric approach has been applied, adopting a co-word analysis based on co-occurrence of the keywords (300 items) in articles from three indexed journals related to engineering, education or sustainability. The selection of the articles has been based on the appearance of the previous three terms in the topic and title fields of the journal, where journal scope (based in the categories of the InCites Journal Citation Reports) covered at least two topics, and the third topic was applied in the search, as follows: International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education – Scope of the journal: sustainability and education, Keyword search: engineering (20 papers); Journal of Cleaner Production – Scope of the journal: sustainability and engineering, Keyword search: education (122 papers); International Journal of Engineering Education – Scope of the journal: engineering and education, Keyword search: sustainability (29 papers); Second, to identify topological patterns and their evolution, a structural and temporal analysis of the network of keywords and a categorization of the keywords in thematic clusters (named categories) have been performed.
Findings
The most relevant categories in terms of corresponding number of keywords, even though these have decreased in recent years, are those related with institutional and policy aspects to embedding or applying sustainability in higher education. At the same time, categories related to the professional development of faculty members, implementation and use of learning strategies (i.e. real-world learning experiences, educational innovative initiatives/tools/techniques) and cross-boundary schemes (i.e. transdisciplinarity, ethics, networking, etc.) increase their relevance in the past five years, signaling some of the challenging fields of interest in engineering higher education in sustainability in the near future.
Practical implications
Knowledge of the trends in devising sustainability education in engineering allows for designing curricular schemes and learning strategies to achieve competences, which are key factors for the change toward sustainability.
Originality/value
This research has a strong strategic value, as it indicates the focus of future research efforts and networking on some of the topics of greatest concern in engineering higher education for sustainability.
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In this chapter, we are among the first to investigate the actual course of affairs in AGMs with respect to shareholder forum rights. In the first part of the chapter, we provide…
Abstract
In this chapter, we are among the first to investigate the actual course of affairs in AGMs with respect to shareholder forum rights. In the first part of the chapter, we provide descriptive statistics on the use of the right to ask questions and speak in AGMs in the Netherlands. We find that in an average meeting there are around 42 questions and remarks made by around 8 shareholders. Most of these questions and remarks seem to be relevant; with a categorization framework of 14 topics, we could already identify over 50% of these questions and remarks. However, we also find that the average number of shareholders that physically ask questions is only 8. Next, we consider the determinants of the use of these forum rights. In several panel data analyses with a Poisson distribution and a negative binomial distribution, we, inter alia, found that the ‘importance of the meeting’ generally contributes to the amount of questions and remarks and the number of shareholders that actively engage in discussions. We have also found that the number of speakers – and the number of private investors – that actively attend the AGM depends on previous attendance numbers. This may imply that there is a small base of very active (private) investors in the Netherlands. We conclude that the forum function of AGMs is definitely relevant, but given the low number of shareholders that make use of these rights, amendments may be considered.
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The purpose of this paper is to give an up‐to‐date and structured insight into the most recent literature on humanitarian logistics, and suggest trends for future research based…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to give an up‐to‐date and structured insight into the most recent literature on humanitarian logistics, and suggest trends for future research based on the gaps identified through structured content analysis.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a quantitative and qualitative content analysis process to analyse the characteristics of the existing literature, identifying the most studied topics in six structural dimensions, and presenting gaps and recommendations for further research.
Findings
It was found that existing humanitarian logistics research shows too little interest in continuous humanitarian aid operations, in slow onset disasters and man‐made catastrophes. While several papers address different phases of disasters, very few focus particularly on the reconstruction following a disaster. Empirical research is underrepresented in the existing literature as well.
Research limitations/implications
While five of the authors’ structural dimensions are inspired by previous reviews, the sixth dimension (situational factors) is derived from a theoretical framework which the authors developed and which has never been tested before. The validity of the study could therefore be increased by testing this framework.
Originality/value
The authors analyse the broadest set of papers (174) ever covered in previous literature reviews on humanitarian logistics. A quantitative analysis of the papers was conducted in order to analyse the situational factors which have mostly been studied so far in literature. This paper is also the first in humanitarian logistics to use content analysis as the main methodology to analyse literature in a structured way, which is of particular value to the academic community as well as practitioners.
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B. Tunçer, R. Stouffs and S. Sariyildiz
Web‐based document management applications serve to store, organize, and manage a collection of documents within the context of a building project. The organization of documents…
Abstract
Web‐based document management applications serve to store, organize, and manage a collection of documents within the context of a building project. The organization of documents, using mechanisms for indexing and relating these, aims to build an information structure that supports effective searching and browsing. We present a methodology for a stronger integration of project documents of different formats into a rich, highly interrelated, information structure. Specifically, we propose a decomposition of project documents by content in relation to a semantic structure for the categorization of document components. We consider a notion of typologies from architecture as a guide for constructing such a semantic structure. We discuss the application of this methodology to building projects, and propose its use in Web‐based document management applications in the AEC industry. As an illustration of this methodology, we describe a prototype application, as a presentation tool for architectural analyses in an educational context.
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Pembe Ülker, Mustafa Ülker and Kurtuluş Karamustafa
This study aims to contribute to the relevant body of knowledge by examining the bibliometric studies related to tourism and hospitality indexed in the Web of Science (WoS…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to contribute to the relevant body of knowledge by examining the bibliometric studies related to tourism and hospitality indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database from a bibliometric perspective (evaluative and relational techniques).
Design/methodology/approach
The WoS database was used to obtain studies to be reviewed. A total of 136 studies were analyzed and visualized in terms of evaluative and relational techniques, and a subject categorization was made.
Findings
“Tourism management” and “tourism and hospitality” are the two fields of research where bibliometric studies are carried out more frequently. Evaluative techniques were used in most studies while relational techniques, such as co-word, co-author, co-citation analysis and bibliographic coupling, were performed less. Relational techniques indicate that the words “bibliometric analysis” and “tourism” are frequently used together in the studies examined; the most common authorship cooperation is between China and USA.
Research limitations/implications
This study provides an overview of bibliometric studies in tourism and hospitality literature. It expands the previous literature and shows study topics that are more focused by examining the abstracts and contents of articles published in journals in different WoS categories.
Practical implications
Findings related to evaluative and relational techniques can serve as useful information for researchers, who are new to the field.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the current knowledge accumulation by its lack of year, country, region and language limits.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behaviour preferences and patterns of the organisation of information by taggers, including usage of tags, tag categories and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behaviour preferences and patterns of the organisation of information by taggers, including usage of tags, tag categories and implicit patterns embedded in social tags.
Design/methodology/approach
The sample was 4,390 social tags (1,777 unique) from 1,661 articles published in 16 library and information science journals selected from CiteULike between February and March 2011. Using application profiles, a tag category model served as a framework to develop two sets of hybrid tag categories for analysing the distribution of tag categories and their implicit patterns.
Findings
The frequency of tag categories was consistent with that of individual tags and obeyed a power law distribution. In total, six implicit patterns embedded in tags – syntactical, semantic, mnemonic, genre, contextual hybrid relations and split term – were discovered.
Research limitations/implications
Although this study focused solely on investigating taggers' behaviour preferences and patterns, the results of this study may shed light on tagging practice, query formulation and construction of controlled vocabularies.
Originality/value
A set of hybrid tag categories consisting of title, function, content and topic‐related categories is proposed to delineate the distribution of social tags and taggers' behaviour preferences, and implicit patterns embedded in tags are generalised. These patterns may be useful for tagging practice, query formulation and construction of controlled vocabularies.
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Ming Cheng, Chris K. Anderson, Zhen Zhu and S. Chan Choi
This study aims to address the following research questions: Do the two types of service firms (individual or aggregator) have similar competitiveness on online search ads? How…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to address the following research questions: Do the two types of service firms (individual or aggregator) have similar competitiveness on online search ads? How should the two types of service firms select optimal branded keywords to improve search performance? In addition, how do consumers’ search queries influence the service search performance of the two types of service firms?
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the authors conduct an empirical analysis by building a two-stage choice modeling on the process of search engine ranking and consumer click-through decisions. The authors estimate the parameter coefficients and test the hypotheses using maximum likelihood estimation in the logistic regression model.
Findings
The empirical findings suggest that consumer response rates are highly dependent upon three aspects (service types, branded keyword strategy and consumer search query). First, the authors found that service aggregators receive greater consumer responses than individual service providers. Second, depending upon the various branded keyword strategies (e.g. generic vs branded, “within-type” vs “cross-type”) implemented by service aggregators or individual firms, the expected consumer responses could be quite different. Finally, customer’s search query, being either generic or branded, also has direct effect and interactive effect with service type on how consumers would response to the sponsored ads in the service search process.
Research limitations/implications
The limitation of the research is twofold. First, conversion rate is not considered in the model estimation due to the nature of the data set. Second, the discussion about the keywords selection strategies is focusing on the hospitality industry. Future research shall further validate the generalizability into other industries.
Practical implications
First, given this competitive advantage, service aggregators should take an aggressive approach to adopting paid search strategy in acquiring new users and enhance its brand salience in the service ecosystem. Second, when considering other competitor’s brand names to include, if a firm is a service provider (e.g. hotel), a strategy that can help it receive higher consumer response would be to use “within-type” rather than “cross-type” branded keyword strategy. If a firm is a service aggregator, a better branded keyword strategy would be to use “across-type” instead of “within-type” approach. In addition, given that consumer’s brand awareness can influence the effectiveness of branded keyword strategy, online service search should target consumers in earlier stages of a decision journey.
Social implications
The authors believe their theoretical framework can provide actionable solutions to service firms to ease customer’s search process, increase customer’s stickiness using search engines and add value to the customer relationships with all services entities within the digital ecosystem.
Originality/value
This study is the first to expand online search marketing into granule examinations (main and interactive effects of three key factors) in the service search domain. First, the authors differentiate service firms into two categories – online travel aggregators and individual hotels in the model. Second, the authors introduce two sets of new classifications of branded keywords for online service search research (i.e. own versus other brand and “cross-type” versus “within-type” branded keywords). Third, this study integrates service consumers’ search word specificity into the conceptual framework which is often missing in previous online search research.
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Mohamed Alsudairi and Yogesh K. Dwivedi
In recent years a large number of studies have appeared on information systems (IS)/information technology (IT) outsourcing related issues but scattered in a number of distantly…
Abstract
Purpose
In recent years a large number of studies have appeared on information systems (IS)/information technology (IT) outsourcing related issues but scattered in a number of distantly related publishing outlets which may hamper the use of such published resources and repetition of research conducted by various researchers. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic survey of the literature pertaining to research on IS/IT outsourcing.
Design/methodology/approach
The research aim was accomplished by extracting information on a number of relevant variables by conducting a review of 315 articles on IS/IT outsourcing published between 1992 and 2008.
Findings
The analysis is presented by listing and illustrating subject category, journals, year of publications and country, frequently published authors, productive institutions, the trend of collaborative nature (co‐author analysis) of research, the impact/influence of published research; topics/research issues and utilised methods, and the challenges and limitations of existing research.
Practical implications
Results of this research may have implications for both private and public sector organizations interested in outsourcing IS/IT services and applications, and various stakeholders of academic publishing (namely, researchers, journal editors, reviewers and universities) research on IS/IT outsourcing.
Originality/value
The primary value of this paper lies in extending the understanding of evolution and patterns of outsourcing research.
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Stefania Mariano and Yukika Awazu
The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of artifacts in the knowledge management field in the past 18 years (1997-2015) and to identify directions for future research.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of artifacts in the knowledge management field in the past 18 years (1997-2015) and to identify directions for future research.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a systematic literature review of 101 articles published in seven journals retrieved from EBSCO and Google Scholar online research databases. The framework for analysis included 13 codes, i.e. author(s), title, year of publication, typology, theoretical lens, categorizations, methods for empirical work, relevancy, level of analysis, keywords, findings, research themes and future research directions. Codes were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods.
Findings
The findings lacked cumulativeness and consistency in the current knowledge management debate. Empirical works outnumbered conceptual contributions by two to one, and the majority of papers focused at the organizational level of analysis. Knowledge management systems, knowledge sharing and digital archives were the major research themes connected to artifacts, together with other closely aligned concepts such as learning and online learning, knowledge transfer and knowledge creation.
Research limitations/implications
This study has temporal and contextual limitations related to covered time span (18 years) and journals’ subscription restrictions.
Originality/value
This paper is a first attempt to systematically review the role of artifacts in knowledge management research and therefore it represents a primary reference in the knowledge management field. It provides directions to future theoretical and empirical studies and suggestions to managerial practices.
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