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Finds the regions of dynamic instability of elastic beams constrained at the ends by means of translational and rotational elastic springs, using the equation of boundary frequencies. Obtains the diagrams showing the regions of instability of the beam, as a function of the dynamic component of the periodic forcing function and its frequency, from that equation in exact form. In this procedure inertial, stiffness and constraint characteristics of the examined system are taken into account. Presents selected applications concerning the analysed problem.

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an effective and robust numerical solution for Raman fiber amplifier (RFA) equations which have no explicit solution. MATLAB BVP solvers are addressed for the solution.

The continuation method proposed for the solution of RFA equations using MATLAB BVP solvers is explained. Scripts for improving the power values at the boundaries with continuation, extending fiber length with continuation and calculation of the analytical partial derivatives using the MATLAB Symbolic toolbox are introduced. Comparisons among the different MATLAB BVP solvers have been made. Using the continuation method, signal evolutions for different kinds of RFA amplifier configurations are plotted.

The paper finds that MATLAB BVP solver with the continuation method can be used in the design of various kinds of RFAs for high powers/long gain fiber spans.

The paper will assist the fiber optic research community who suffer from two or more point boundary‐value problems. Moreover, the stiffness of the signal evolution which is faced with high pump powers and/or long fiber lengths can be solved with continuation. This superiority of the solver can be used to overcome any stiff changes of the signals for future studies.

The increased research interests and practical demands for RFAs have been calling for reasonable and efficient means for the performance evaluation of RFAs before the real amplifiers are fabricated. The solution method presented in this paper will be an efficient means for the solution of this issue.

MATLAB BVP solvers have been proven to be effective for the numerical solution of RFAs with multiple pumps and signal waves. Using the continuation method, in a distributed RFA with ten pump sources, 2,400 mW total input pump power is achieved. The improvement of the total power is about 1.4 times compared with those of the previously reported methods. Using the MATLAB BVP solvers, total power/fiber span can be improved further using the continuation process with the cost of computational time. This is a notable and promising improvement from a RFA designer's point of view.

This article aims to analyze the relationship between the Norwegian Noark Standard and the concepts of Open Government and Freedom of Information (FOI). Noark is the Norwegian model requirements for Electronic Documents and Records Management Systems (EDRMS). It was introduced in 1984, making it not only the world’s first model requirement for EDRMS but also, through the introduction of versions from Noark 1 to the present Noark 5, internationally the model requirement with the longest continuation of implementation.

To better understand the technical outline and functionality of the Noark Model requirements, it is necessary to see the connection to the wider framework of the Norwegian governance legislation and its FOI Act (Norway, Freedom of Information Act, 2006) on the right of access to documents held by the public administration and public undertakings. FOI is the foundation on which the Norwegian Open Government platform (OEP) rests, as it aims to increase openness and transparency in the Norwegian society. Being one of the first national initiatives to incorporate in a single platform an up-to-date nationwide registry of metadata deriving from the EDRMS of the governmental sector, OEP is a model which could have relevance in open government settings also outside of Norway.

Non-fixity and randomness in the registering of metadata decrease the possibility of systematic search and systematic retrieval, since search within records presumably requires a combination of two or more sets of metadata. Context is a crucial component in information retrieval from records, and no records contain only one metadata element. With few exceptions, a record relates to another record, and the relation between the two of them is in itself a set of metadata. If the metadata relating the two records does not follow a standardized format, retrieval possibilities will remain random. The unpredictability following inadequate search results will decrease the credibility and the trust factor which should lie imminent within the information system. The absence of adequate search results will lead to an immediate decrease in the public’s perception of the system being valid or relevant as a trusted source of information. If metadata within a governmental agency is known to be subject to non-authorised alterations, deletion on changes, trust in the authenticity and integrity of the information provided from the agency will decrease significantly. This subsequently decreases predictability in the retrieval of information within the EDRMS. The parameters securing non-alteration of metadata once locked in the Noark-compliant EDRMS, may be measured against the absence of the same in any system being compared.

An adequate analysis describing the principles of trust embedded in the weekly or daily dissemination of metadata from the Noark databases to the OEP somehow has to explain certain parameters. These parameters within the Noark requirements eliminate the possibility of unauthorised deletion, alteration or manipulation of metadata and documents in the databases of the governmental organisations. The combination of parameters also creates context. The metadata transferred from the Noark systems to the OEP platform may never have been stored within a trusted digital repository. Transfer to the OEP happens weekly, whilst transfer to the repository of The National Archives is performed far less seldom – perhaps every tenth year. The contents of the Noark-based systems are not stored in trusted digital repositories in the governmental agencies, but remain part of the ordinary grid of servers and databases.

The aerodynamic force on an element dx1 of the rotor blade produces a moment about any point, and the component of this moment along the flapping hinge determines the flapping motion of the blade. The air force on an element being i4 dX4‘+Jt d/Y4’+k1 dZ,‘, the moment dG’, say, about the hinge F is given by

A STUDY of the economic design and operation of the rigid airship must take account of many variables; power, speed, range, useful load, volume and structure weight—to cite the most obvious—have presumably absolute values which, in combination for a particular duty, produce the most economical whole. With the very limited knowledge of design and operation which we have at present, it is not possible to attempt a comprehensive enquiry, but certain of the simpler aspects of the problem of the economics of the rigid airship can be considered with advantage. The present note is an attempt to discuss, very elementarily, and on what are thought to be reasonable assumptions, the variation of structure weight with gross volume.

IN the present paper an attempt has been made to determine the optimum aspect ratio, wing loading and fuel load ratio under certain specified design conditions. Aeroplanes with turbojet as well as with airscrew propulsion have been considered.

Fraud against the Community budget requires a supranational response because it is an area in which organised crime groups work on a cross‐border basis. The paper considers some of the difficulties confronting the mounting of such a supra‐national response: the inbuilt character of fraud on the Community budget, given the nature of the organisation; difficulties with information technology; the scale of the problem; the lack of prioritisation of the issue by Member States; corruption within the political establishments of Member States; and legal problems. The paper concludes with an examination of the available models for operational cooperation in the fight against fraud: the K4 Commission set up under the Maastricht Treaty, the SIRENE bureaux, Interpol, Europol and UCLAF, the Commission's own anti‐fraud unit. National police investigators have anyway set up their own cross‐border networks to combat the changing modes of cross‐border crime; but all this raises questions about national sovereignty and accountability.

Drawing from boundary-spamming knowledge processes and knowledge-based theory, the purpose of this paper is to study enablers of the knowledge management (KM) process using robust multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tools like interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method.

Drawing on the knowledge-based view and through the detailed literature review among different KM success, eight enablers were identified. By using the ISM-DEMATEL approach, a systematic framework was designed, and further cause–effect relationship diagram visualized a causal relationship among the enablers.

The combined approach of ISM-DEMATEL showcase that “knowledge creation” and “knowledge capture” are essential enablers. These two identified enablers have considered being pillars for KM implementation. On the other side, knowledge organization, knowledge application are dependent enablers.

From a practical viewpoint, the findings of this research work enable the industry consultants to identify the most prominent driving enablers for KM implementation. Additionally, it provides a clue for the effective implementation of KM in a systematic approach.

The integrated method depending on the hierarchical model and cause–effect relationship between enablers of the KM process is a novel approach that opens a new research area in this domain. Moreover, this is the first-ever attempt to combine ISM along with DEMATEL to identify enablers of the KM process.

This study aims to test, analyze, review and describe the problem of “How effective strategies for cooperatives development in East Java.”

The sample of this study was all cooperative employees in East Java province. The study focuses on the quantitative and qualitative approaches, sampling techniques with purposive sampling on employees of all cooperative districts/cities in East Java. A quantitative approach that is an inferential statistical analysis using the analytic hierarchical process (AHP) method was applied with a diagram/hierarchy.

The results of this study is the quality of work life criteria, which have an overall weight of 35%, play an important role in experts’ choice of employee performance measurement indicator selection. The development strategy goal for this study is as follows: work behavior (first place), work result (second place) and personal characteristics (third place).

This paper uses the AHP tool to identify strategies for cooperatives in East Java, which are rarely used in previous research, as well as the location of the research (cooperatives in Malang, Indonesia) that has not been studied in depth in other studies.

SUMMARY A detailed account is given of the aerodynamic and inertia forces acting on a rotor blade when the helicopter is undergoing arbitrary disturbance in velocity and angular velocity. A fairly generalized form is used for the downwash velocity. A principle is enunciated enabling the several second order terms of significance in the angle variables to be recognized and retained.