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This paper aims to examine the use of a commercial pyrometer to measure the surface temperature of workpieces as machining takes place. The pyrometer readings are to be compared with model predictions.

The pyrometer was mounted on an industrial milling machine and the temperature of the workpiece was measured behind the cutting tool as it traversed the workpiece. A mathematical spreadsheet model was used to predict the temperatures at the point measured by the pyrometer and at the point where cutting took place.

It was found by selecting the “partition ratio” of the power being transmitted to the workpiece that agreement could be found between measured and predicted results.

The work was mainly carried out on aluminium samples, which exhibited low cutting temperatures.

The paper describes a method of finding the partition ratio of heat going into the workpiece.

This paper gives the background to the measurement of metal cutting temperatures and a review of the practicality of the various methods of measuring cutting temperature while machining metals.

The review was compiled after a literature search, visits to other research establishments and discussions with other researchers in the machining/temperature measurement field.

Information about several methods of measuring cutting temperature during a machining process is given along with the limitations of the use of each method.

All the temperature measurement methods discussed have their limitations and these are described for each method listed.

The paper provides a review of all the cutting temperature measurement methods discovered in recent work. This will be a reference document of interest to others working in this field.

The relative impacts of the monetised and non‐monetised deficit on output and inflation in the United States are assessed using annual data for the 1923‐1982 period. With Federal Reserve purchases of government debt serving as a measure of monetisation, the results of Granger causality tests suggest that for the period 1923‐1960 neither deficit growth nor monetisation affected real GNP growth, nominal GNP growth or inflation. For the period 1961‐1982, monetisation is found to have fuelled inflation with no effect on real GNP. Non‐monetised deficits provided a negative short‐run impact on the rate of inflation over this latter period.

The current policy context demands that health service providers demonstrate that services are effective, efficient, value for money and of good quality. Recent Government interest in intermediate care has increased pressure on day hospitals in particular to supply such evidence, because they face competition for their core services (such as rehabilitation care) from other community‐based providers. This review was conducted as part of a small study to evaluate a day hospital service in North London. Findings suggest that the outcomes of day hospital care are especially difficult to appraise because of the highly variable nature of both individual facilities and the needs and capabilities of patients attending. Traditional quantitative methods, such as randomised controlled trials or the use of standardised tools to assess treatment outcomes, face severe methodological problems owing to this variability. Three problems in particular would appear to hamper such research: comparability difficulties, owing to great variations in facilities and patient profiles; defining outcomes, because varying need may result in very different intended treatment outcomes, and determining complete costs, because patients rarely receive day hospital treatment in isolation from other health and social care services. The review suggests therefore that future researchers take a more user‐focused and qualitative research approach to the evaluation of day hospital care, such as by evaluating joint care plans with patients and staff, by assessing costs, by following small numbers of users through treatment and by studying users' and carers' views of (and preferences for) care.

Milling is a flexible creation process for the manufacturing of dies and aeronautical parts. While machining thin-walled parts, heat generation during machining essentially affects the accuracy. The workpiece temperature (WT), as well as the responses like material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) for input parameters like cutting speed (CS), feed rate (F), depth-of-cut (DOC), step over (SO) and tool diameter (TD), becomes critical for sustaining the accuracy of the thin walls.

Response surface methodology was used to make 46 tests. To convert the multi-character problem into a single-character problem, the weightage was assessed using the entropy approach and the grey relational coefficient (GRC) was determined. To investigate the connection among input parameters and single-objective (GRC), a fuzzy mathematical modelling technique was used. The optimal performance of process parameters was estimated by grey relational entropy grade (GREG)-fuzzy and genetic algorithm (GA) optimization.

SR was found to be a significant process parameter, with CS, feed and DOC, respectively. Similarly, F, DOC and TD were found to be significant process parameters with MRR, respectively, and F, DOC, SO and TD were found to be significant process parameters with WT, respectively. GREG-fuzzy-GA found more suitable for minimizing the WT with the constraint s of SR and MRR and provide maximum desirability of 0.665. The projected and experimental values have a good agreement, with a standard error of 5.85%, and so the responses predicted by the suggested method are better optimized.

The GREG-fuzzy-GA is a new hybrid technique for analysing Inconel625 behaviour during machining in a 2.5D milling process.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of an integration programme on service users from users’ own perspective.

Multi-method approach was used. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis were employed to uncover and examine service users’ views of the impact of the integration programme.

An improvement in the physical functioning of one in three occupational equipment users; a rise in the level of satisfaction of 85 per cent of occupational health and 82 per cent of physiotherapy users; older people with complex problems and high-level needs were able to be helped to live at home; and waiting times for both assessment and for services within two weeks and four weeks were below the national achievement and ministerial targets. The impact of the integration programme on users was complex. Positive outcomes were achieved for some user groups and individuals but not for others. A lack of change outcomes in social care, and service users’ low level of satisfaction with social care services appears to be associated with the impact of agency work and the predominant aim in social work of achieving maintenance and prevention outcomes.

This paper contributes to knowledge on what and how the total integration in Cambridgeshire has benefited users.

This paper aims to investigate the role that deep emotional feelings play in relation to process/service re-design and process/service improvement. It suggests that attention to these dimensions may be vital for successful and sustainable outcomes. It investigates whether these dimensions are accommodated within popular change methods such as the European business excellence model (EBEM) and the balanced scorecard (BS).

An emotional value (EMVAL) scale is tested and applied using survey methods on a large sample of staff engaged in change and improvement initiatives. For the purposes of comparison, two separate business units are selected; one unit following EBEM/BS methods; one unit following EMVAL.

The findings show that significant improvement in employee perceptions of successful outcomes occurs when applying EMVAL methods. There is also evidence of tangible performance improvement in the form of customer satisfaction, reduced cost, and efficiency gains.

The findings are significant for academics and practitioners concerned with quality improvement programmes, suggesting that emotional scaling methods can improve outcomes. An emotional scaling method is presented along with a methodology for implementation.

Whilst the role of understanding deeper emotions in customer relationships is becoming more prominent within the marketing literature, little research to date has explored quality and internal marketing aspects which this paper seeks to address.

Knowledge management (KM) has emerged in recent times as a phenomenon with wide‐ranging implications for organizational innovation and competitiveness. Supporters argue that as organizations understand the value of KM, they have the opportunity to establish long‐term internal strengths, which will lead to external competitive advantage. Further, we find the current literature advocates that KM can be implemented in every organizational discipline. KM is approached from several different perspectives, and a number of these are used to structure our paper and identify emerging factors in: strategy, human resources management (HRM), information technology (IT), total quality management (TQM), and marketing. This paper presents a summary of key responses to a recent survey of FTSE 100 companies conducted by the authors, which shows that KM is an extremely popular management topic, yet relatively few organizations have serious implementation programs in place. Also presented are findings from longitudinal studies of six case organizations, which have been approaching and deploying KM over the last three years. The academic arguments for organizations to be proactive in KM are strong and compelling. Our research identifies the critical factors that respondents feel are vital for successful KM implementation, and these provide a basis for a further stage of the study which considers how best to develop appropriate performance measurements.

INTRODUCTION With the increasing importance of capital investment selection in modern business the field has attracted a large body of interest in the literature of the last two decades. It is the purpose of the survey to trace this development from the use of simple financial criteria for assessing investments to the use of more sophisticated financial measures, techniques for assessing risk in investments and finally complex models for selecting portfolios of investments.