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1 – 10 of 44Long Chen, Zheyu Zhang, Ni An, Xin Wen and Tong Ben
The purpose of this study is to model the global dynamic hysteresis properties with an improved Jiles–Atherton (J-A) model through a unified set of parameters.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to model the global dynamic hysteresis properties with an improved Jiles–Atherton (J-A) model through a unified set of parameters.
Design/methodology/approach
First, the waveform scaling parameters β, λk and λc are used to improve the calculation accuracy of hysteresis loops at low magnetic flux density. Second, the Riemann–Liouville (R-L) type fractional derivatives technique is applied to modified static inverse J-A model to compute the dynamic magnetic field considering the skin effect in wideband frequency magnetization conditions.
Findings
The proposed model is identified and verified by modeling the hysteresis loops whose maximum magnetic flux densities vary from 0.3 to 1.4 T up to 800 Hz using B30P105 electrical steel. Compared with the conventional J-A model, the global simulation ability of the proposed dynamic model is much improved.
Originality/value
Accurate modeling of the hysteresis properties of electrical steels is essential for analyzing the loss behavior of electrical equipment in finite element analysis (FEA). Nevertheless, the existing inverse Jiles–Atherton (J-A) model can only guarantee the simulation accuracy with higher magnetic flux densities, which cannot guarantee the analysis requirements of considering both low magnetic flux density and high magnetic flux density in FEA. This paper modifies the dynamic J-A model by introducing waveform scaling parameters and the R-L fractional derivative to improve the hysteresis loops’ simulation accuracy from low to high magnetic flux densities with the same set of parameters in a wide frequency range.
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Xiao Xiao, Andreas Christian Thul, Lars Eric Müller and Kay Hameyer
Magnetic hysteresis holds significant technical and physical importance in the design of electromagnetic components. Despite extensive research in this area, modeling magnetic…
Abstract
Purpose
Magnetic hysteresis holds significant technical and physical importance in the design of electromagnetic components. Despite extensive research in this area, modeling magnetic hysteresis remains a challenging task that is yet to be fully resolved. The purpose of this paper is to study vector hysteresis play models for anisotropic ferromagnetic materials in a physical, thermodynamical approach.
Design/methodology/approach
In this work, hysteresis play models are implemented to interpret magnetic properties, drawing upon classical rate-independent plasticity principles derived from continuum mechanics theory. By conducting qualitative and quantitative verification and validation, various aspects of ferromagnetic vector hysteresis were thoroughly examined. By directly incorporating the hysteresis play models into the primal formulations using fixed point method, the proposed model is validated with measurements in a finite element (FE) environments.
Findings
The proposed vector hysteresis play model is verified with fundamental properties of hysteresis effects. Numerical analysis is performed in an FE environment. Measured data from a rotational single sheet tester (RSST) are validated to the simulated results.
Originality/value
The results of this work demonstrates that the essential properties of the hysteresis effects by electrical steel sheets can be represented by the proposed vector hysteresis play models. By incorporation of hysteresis play models into the weak formulations of the magnetostatic problem in the h-based magnetic scalar potential form, magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets can be locally analyzed and represented.
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David Ukwungwu, Sobhan Emadmostoufi, Uwe Reisgen and Kay Hameyer
This paper aims to analyze the influence of welding-induced mechanical stress of a magnetic core material on the performance behavior of a permanent magnet excited synchronous…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the influence of welding-induced mechanical stress of a magnetic core material on the performance behavior of a permanent magnet excited synchronous machine (PMSM). Welding, interlocking, clinching and the use of adhesives are state-of-the-art packaging technologies used in the manufacturing of electrical machines. However, the packaging processes degrade the electromagnetic properties of the electric steel sheets, thereby decreasing the performance and achievable range of the electric vehicle.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, an approach that maps the local changes in magnetic properties due to welding induced stress with the stress values is developed. The welding process induces internal stress inside the steel sheet due to the diffusion of thermal energy into the sheets. Other effects are the changes in the micro structures of the steel sheets (grain sizes). These induced mechanical stresses lead to significant deterioration of the electromagnetic properties. They also lead to an increase in iron loss attributed to steel lamination.
Findings
A low speed (city), a high-speed (highway) and WLTC-c3 driving cycle will be used to analyze the effects of the induced stresses on the machine efficiency at the different operating conditions. A high-speed PMSM with a maximum speed of 26,000 min−1 and maximum torque of 130 Nm is designed for this study.
Originality/value
The value of this study is in the development of a local varying modeling approach that analyses the influence of weld-induced stress on the performance of electrical machines. Its originality is evident in the mapping methodology. This will enable an application dependent improvement possibilities due to the understanding of the impact of weld-induced stress on the electromagnetic properties of weld-packaged core.
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Guilherme Homrich, Aly Ferreira Flores Filho, Paulo Roberto Eckert and David George Dorrell
This paper aims to introduce an alternative for modeling levitation forces between NdFeB magnets and bulks of high-temperature superconductors (HTS). The presented approach should…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to introduce an alternative for modeling levitation forces between NdFeB magnets and bulks of high-temperature superconductors (HTS). The presented approach should be evaluated through two different formulations and compared with experimental results.
Design/methodology/approach
The T-A and H-ϕ formulations are among the most efficient approaches for modeling superconducting materials. COMSOL Multiphysics was used to apply them to magnetic levitation models and predict the forces involved.The permanent magnet movement is modeled by combining moving meshes and magnetic field identity pairs in both 2D and 3D studies.
Findings
It is shown that it is possible to use the homogenization technique for the T-A formulation in 3D models combined with mixed formulation boundaries and moving meshes to simulate the whole device’s geometry.
Research limitations/implications
The case studies are limited to the formulations’ implementation and a brief assessment regarding degrees of freedom. The intent is to make the simulation straightforward rather than establish a benchmark.
Originality/value
The H-ϕ formulation considers the HTS bulk domain as isotropic, whereas the T-A formulation homogenization approach treats it as anisotropic. The originality of the paper lies in contrasting these different modeling approaches while incorporating the external magnetic field movement by means of the Lagrangian–Eulerian method.
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Hoda Sabry Sabry Othman, Salwa H. El-Sabbagh and Galal A. Nawwar
This study aims to investigate the behavior of the green biomass-derived copper (lignin/silica/fatty acids) complex, copper lignin/silica/fatty acids (Cu-LSF) complex, when…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the behavior of the green biomass-derived copper (lignin/silica/fatty acids) complex, copper lignin/silica/fatty acids (Cu-LSF) complex, when incorporated into the nonpolar ethylene propylene diene (EPDFM) rubber matrix, focusing on its reinforcing and antioxidant effect on the resulting EPDM composites.
Design/methodology/approach
The structure of the prepared EPDM composites was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and the dispersion of the additive fillers and antioxidants in the EPDM matrix was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Also, the rheometric characteristics, mechanical properties, swelling behavior and thermal gravimetric analysis of all the prepared EPDM composites were explored as well.
Findings
Results revealed that the Cu-LSF complex dispersed well in the nonpolar EPDM rubber matrix, in thepresence of coupling system, with enhanced Cu-LSF-rubber interactions and increased cross-linking density, which reflected on the improved rheological and mechanical properties of the resulting EPDM composites. From the various investigations performed in the current study, the authors can suggest 7–11 phr is the optimal effective concentration of Cu-LSF complex loading. Interestingly, EPDM composites containing Cu-LSF complex showed better antiaging performance, thermal stability and fluid resistance, when compared with those containing the commercial antioxidants (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and N-isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine). These findings are in good agreement with our previous study on polar nitrile butadiene rubber.
Originality/value
The current study suggests the green biomass-derived Cu-LSF complex to be a promising low-cost and environmentally safe alternative filler and antioxidant to the hazardous commercial ones.
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José Ortega, Óscar Lahuerta, Claudio Carretero, Juan Pablo Martínez and Jesús Acero
This paper aims to apply the non-linear impedance boundary condition (IBC) for a linear piecewise B–H curve in frequency domain simulations to find the equivalent impedance of a…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to apply the non-linear impedance boundary condition (IBC) for a linear piecewise B–H curve in frequency domain simulations to find the equivalent impedance of a simple induction heating system model.
Design/methodology/approach
An electromagnetic description of the inductor system is performed to substitute the effects of the induction load, for a mathematical condition, the so-called IBC. This is suitable to be used in electromagnetic systems involving high conductive materials at medium frequencies, as it occurs in an induction heating system.
Findings
A reduction of the computational cost of electromagnetic simulation through the application of the IBC. The model based on linear piecewise B–H curve simplifies the electromagnetic description, and it can facilitate the identification of the induction load characteristics from experimental measurements.
Practical implications
This work is performed to assess the feasibility of using the non-linear boundary impedance condition of materials with linear piecewise B–H curve to simulate in the frequency domain with a reduced computational cost compared to time domain simulations.
Originality/value
In this paper, the use of the non-linear boundary impedance condition to describe materials with B–H curve by segments, which can approximate any dependence without hysteresis, has been studied. The results are compared with computationally more expensive time domain simulations.
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Songhua Li, Shanhang Huang, Chao Wei, Jian Sun, Yonghua Wang and Kun Wang
This study aims to understand the influence of raceway surface topography on the temperature rise characteristics of silicon nitride (Si3N4) full ceramic ball bearing and improve…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to understand the influence of raceway surface topography on the temperature rise characteristics of silicon nitride (Si3N4) full ceramic ball bearing and improve its service life.
Design/methodology/approach
The arithmetic average height Sa, skewness Ssk and kurtosis Sku in the three-dimensional surface roughness parameters are used to quantitatively characterize the surface topography of the raceway after superfinishing. The bearing life testing machine is used to test the Si3N4 full ceramic ball bearing using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cage under dry friction conditions, and the self-lubricating full ceramic ball bearing heat generation model is established.
Findings
With the decrease of Sa and Ssk on the raceway surface and the increase of Sku, the average height of the raceway surface decreases, and the peaks and valleys tend to be symmetrically distributed on the average surface, and the surface texture becomes tighter. This kind of raceway surface topography is beneficial to form a thin and uniform filamentous PTFE transfer film with a wide coverage area on the raceway surface based on consuming less cage materials and improving the temperature rise characteristics of hot isostatic pressing silicon nitride full ceramic ball bearings.
Originality/value
The research results provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable selection of Si3N4 ring raceway processing technology and have important significance for improving the working characteristics and service life of Si3N4 full ceramic ball bearings under dry friction conditions.
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Enes Mahmut Göker, Ahmet Fevzi Bozkurt and Kadir Erkan
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel cross (+) type yoke with hybrid electromagnets and new reluctance modeling to precisely calculate attraction force is given.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel cross (+) type yoke with hybrid electromagnets and new reluctance modeling to precisely calculate attraction force is given.
Design/methodology/approach
The comparison of attraction force and torque analyses between the proposed formulation and the existing formulation in the literature is comparatively presented. For the correctness of the force and torque values calculated in the model created, the system was created in ANSYS Maxwell and its accuracy was proved by making analyses. The maglev carrier system is inherently unstable from the point of view of control engineering. For that, it needs an active controller to eliminate this instability. For the levitation of the carrier system, it is necessary to design a controller in three axes (z, α and β). I-PD controller was designed for the air gap control of the carrier system in three axes and the controller parameters were determined by the canonical method.
Findings
While the new formulation proposed in the modeling of the carrier system has a maximum error of 1.03%, the existing formula in the literature has an error of 16.83% in the levitation distance point.
Originality/value
A novel cross-type hybrid carrier system has been proposed in the literature. With the double integral used in modeling the system, it takes a long time to solve symbolically, and it is difficult to simulate dynamic behavior in control validation. To solve this problem, attraction force and inclination torque values are easily characterized by new formulation and besides the simulations are conducted easily. The experimental setup was manufactured and assembled, and the carrier system was successfully levitated, and reference tracking was performed without overshoot.
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Óscar Lahuerta, José Ortega, Claudio Carretero, Juan Pablo Martínez and Jesús Acero
The purpose of this paper is the identification of the magnetic characteristics of the induction load by means of the B–H curve proposed by Fröhlich.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is the identification of the magnetic characteristics of the induction load by means of the B–H curve proposed by Fröhlich.
Design/methodology/approach
An electromagnetic description of the inductor system is performed to substitute the effects of the induction load, for a mathematical condition, the so-called impedance boundary condition (IBC).
Findings
A significant reduction in the computational cost of electromagnetic simulation has been achieved through the use of the IBC, resulting in a computation time approximately 400 times faster than time domain simulation. Moreover, an alternative method has been developed to experimentally identify the parameters that determine the magnetic behavior of the induction load. Finally, further research has been conducted to understand the relationship between the equivalent impedance of an induction load and the excitation current level.
Practical implications
This work is performed to achieve a better understanding of the fundamentals involved in the electromagnetic modeling of an induction heating system.
Originality/value
This paper introduces the dependence on the excitation level based on a first harmonic approximation and extends the IBC to nonlinear magnetic materials which allows the identification of the magnetic characteristics of the induction load.
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Tapas Kumar Mohapatra and Asim Kumar Dey
This study aims to propose a unique algorithm-based hysteresis current control technique (HCCT) for induction motor using a single-phase voltage source inverter (SPVSI) to…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to propose a unique algorithm-based hysteresis current control technique (HCCT) for induction motor using a single-phase voltage source inverter (SPVSI) to eliminate both sub and inter harmonics (SIH) and electromagnetic interference (EMI). The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the load current also reduces in comparison to standard HCCT and modified technique-based existing HCCT.
Design/methodology/approach
Matlab simulation has been carried out to develop an SPVSI model and the unique algorithm-based HCCT. The same platform has also been used to develop a few existing HCCTs such as standard, dual-band and modified. The switching frequency and harmonic analysis of load currents for all the HCCTs have been compared in the paper. The hardware implementation of the proposed algorithm-based HCCT was also verified and compared with the simulation results.
Findings
The proposed unique algorithm-based HCCT provides the benefits of both unipolar and bipolar switching techniques. It reduces the switching frequency as unipolar switching scheme and eliminates the EMI. It also reduces THD and nullifies SIH of the load current. This enables an improvement in the overall performance and efficiency of the motor.
Practical implications
This proposed HCCT eliminates the SIH and improves the overall efficiency of the motor, hence can prevent overheating, vibration, acoustic noise, pulsating torque and braking of the rotor shaft of the motor and increasing the reliability of the system.
Social implications
It can be implemented for the motors that are used in household applications and electric vehicles through one-phase inverter.
Originality/value
This proposed HCCT has detected the zero crossing point of reference current, allowed samples and shifted the necessary amount of hysteresis band at zero crossing region to eliminate SIH and THD.
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