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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the feasibility and challenges of one open training model in family‐owned companies' offspring education, regarded as CHINT's prodigal fund.

The paper is currently confined to literature and case study on CHINT's prodigal fund and is primarily based on the documents analysis and interviews with the members from the board of supervisors and the board of directors.

The relationship between the performance of venture capital fund and the succession was analyzed. It is found that the two main reasons affecting the development of prodigal fund are the unsystematically organization of fund development and the lack of diligence. Finally, to attract and motivate the use of family venture funds and to establish a sound governance mechanism will be the two chief areas to promote the development of family funds.

It is the first attempt to analyze and summarize this creative practice in succession – family venture fund. The case study provides a valuable perspective on educating the entrepreneurial spirit of innovation and exploration.

Internet + and Electronic Business in China is a comprehensive resource that provides insight and analysis into E-commerce in China and how it has revolutionized and continues to revolutionize business and society. Split into four distinct sections, the book first lays out the theoretical foundations and fundamental concepts of E-Business before moving on to look at internet+ innovation models and their applications in different industries such as agriculture, finance and commerce. The book then provides a comprehensive analysis of E-business platforms and their applications in China before finishing with four comprehensive case studies of major E-business projects, providing readers with successful examples of implementing E-Business entrepreneurship projects.

Internet + and Electronic Business in China is a comprehensive resource that provides insights and analysis into how E-commerce has revolutionized and continues to revolutionize business and society in China.

Evidence of mean reversion in U.S. stock prices during the post‐World War II era is mixed. I find that using the standard portfolio formation method to construct size‐sorted portfolios is inadequate for detecting mean reversion. Using alternative portfolio formation methods and additional cross‐sectional power gained from size‐sorted portfolios during the period 1963 to 1998, I find strong evidence of mean reversion in portfolio prices. My findings imply a significantly positive speed of reversion with a half‐life of approximately three and a half years. Parametric contrarian investment strategies that exploit mean reversion outperform buy‐and‐hold and standard contrarian strategies.

The paper's aim is to study tribological performances of two 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives which are ashless and lacking in phosphorous as lubricating oil additives in HVIW H150 base oils.

The two 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives were synthesized; their tribological performances were evaluated with a four‐ball machine, and the worn surface was analyzed with a X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

The two compounds possess good anti‐wear properties and excellent load‐carrying capacity. According to the XPS results, the additive reacted with counter‐face metal and generated a sulphur‐containing inorganic film consisting of FeS, FeS₂ and FeSO₄, and a complex N‐containing resin polymer film.

Their antioxidant properties are not estimated, and their anti‐wear action mechanism need to be further explored.

Two useful ashless AW lubricating oil additives were synthesized, and may be has potential as gas engine lubricating oil additives.

This paper provides a study of some N, S‐containing heterocyclic compounds as lubricating oil additives.

The purpose of the research was to test whether the novel synthesized additive TEAT can be a substitution for the traditional additive ZDDP partly or entirely in mineral oil.

The extreme pressure, antiwear (AW) and friction reducing property of TEAT was examined, the tribological property of the combination of TEAT and ZDDP was also examined. The worn surfaces of the steel balls were observed using a polarizing optical microscope and x‐ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy.

The results show that: TEAT can enhance the P_B value of the base oil obviously; TEAT shows better AW performance than ZDDP in high load and a wide range of concentration, it shows better friction‐reducing performance than ZDDP in high load and all the concentration tested; TEAT alone can provide a better AW and friction reducing property than ZDDP and the combination of TEAT and ZDDP; and the tribochemical reaction occurs between novel compound and metallic surface, generating sulfur containing layer mainly exists in the form of FeS.

These findings indicate that TEAT presents better tribological properties than ZDDP in a wide range of practical conditions. TEAT may be a substitute for ZDDP in the future.

The purpose of this paper is to study tribological properties of two novel additives in the diester and provide adequate information on the relationship between the diester and the additives.

The two 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives, referred to as BZIA, BZOA, are synthesized with one pot; their tribological performances are evaluated using a four‐ball friction and wear tester, and the worn surface was analysed with scanning electron microscope and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

The two compounds as the additives in the diester possess excellent load‐carrying capacities, rather good anti‐wear (AW) and friction reduction properties. According to the XPS results, both the additives reacted with counter‐face metal and generated a sulphur‐containing inorganic film and a complex adsorption film. The inorganic film obtained with the additive BZOA consisted of FeS₂, FeSO₄ and Fe₂(SO₄)₃, whereas the inorganic film obtained with the additive BZIA consisted of FeS₂ or FeS. The adsorption layer for the two additives contained N‐containing compounds.

The interaction of the two additives with the diester needs to be further explored.

Two useful, environmentally friendly, AW lubricating oil additives are synthesized with one pot.

The paper provides a study of some N, S‐containing heterocyclic compounds as environmentally friendly lubricating oil additives.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether hiring a high-quality auditor (i.e. industry specialist) depends on corporate governance indicators after controlling a different level of agency conflicts (ACs).

This paper uses logistic regressions on 12,449 firm-year samples of Taiwanese public companies from 1998 to 2011 by grouping the samples into three categories (i.e. low, medium and high AC).

The results show that the corporate governance indicators can explain the decision of auditor selection only in low and medium AC groups, which suggest that there may be a complementary relationship between external (i.e. auditors) and internal governance when the ACs are mild.

The paper contributes to the ongoing debate between the complementary and substitutable effects. When the internal ACs are controlled, the internal governance and auditor selection are complemented.

In recent years, a great number of top conferences and workshops on artificial intelligence (AI) were held in China, showing Chinese AI plays an important role in the world. Meanwhile, Chinese government announced an ambitious scheme, “New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan,” for the country to become a world leader in AI technologies by 2030. The AI research in China has covered various aspects, ranging from chips to algorithms. This chapter attempts to give an overview of the recent advances of AI research and development in China, as well as some perspectives on the future development of AI in China.

This chapter aims to investigate the research status and development of virtual community (VC) in China by a critique of library and information science (LIS) journal articles and to put forward future directions in virtual community for the researchers in our discipline. We used a multiple case of methods including bibliometric approaches (such as keyword frequency and co-word analysis) and a coding system to reveal several characteristics of the research status quo and trends. The results show that from 2000 to the present, VC-related research by LIS Chinese scholars has experienced rapid development with an increasing number of academic papers, authors, journals and institutions. However, LIS research is still at an early stage with the slow introduction of fundamental concepts and frameworks, lack of theoretical support, and organisations focused on empirical studies. VC-related research in China in recent years fully demonstrates its diversified attributes. Our study is limited to the analysis of academic journal literature published in mainland China while excluding dissertations and books, and publications in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Our classification system also needs to be more specific. Our findings have implications for researchers, students, journals and sponsors of Chinese LIS research related to virtual communities.

This paper seeks to study the tribological properties, corrosion inhibition properties and action mechanism of two triazine‐containing disulfides, TOSS and TOMA, as additives in combustion engine base oil (5CST); those properties of an alkyl disulfide dodecyl disulfide and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) were also evaluated for comparison to discover whether these additives could be used as potential substitute candidates for ZDDP.

Their tribological performances were evaluated using a four‐ball machine. The worn surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

The three additives have good load‐carrying capacity and corrosion inhibition properties comparable with those of ZDDP. The anti‐wear properties of the triazine‐containing disulfides TOSS and TOMA are good but a little inferior to those of ZDDP. The friction‐reducing performances of the additives are better than those of ZDDP. The XPS results show that absorption and tribochemical reactions occur to generate a complex boundary lubrication films comprising inorganic sulfate, sulfide, iron oxide and organic nitrogen, and sulfur‐containing compounds.

The anti‐oxidation properties are still to be estimated, and the synergistic effectiveness with other additives could be demonstrated.

These additives are good extreme pressure and anti‐wear additives in combustion engine base oil and, through further modification of molecular structure or combination with other additives, they may be a potential replacement for ZDDP.

To reduce the cost, the products synthesized were not finely separated. Their tribological properties as additives in the widely used combustion engine base oil were first investigated and results indicate that they show excellent performances.