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The advancement in science and technology has led to the existence and continuous growth of various physical machines and now computer programs which are supposed to perform once thought unbelievable multi-tasks for humans.

Many firms, governments, industries and syndicates are switching to automated process for achieving maximum output and having minimum cost and errors in the manufacturing and various other processes, hence the role of human involvement is getting decreased. With the Industry 4.0 standards being opted, industry gurus have been forecasting the limiting power of human labour and interaction and fears exist complete replacement of human beings from the working environment by robots and automated machines.

Artificial intelligence has aggressively overtaken almost all fields of businesses and human resource (HR) hasn't been either immune to that. Robotics is an important factor as well.

Technology implementation has its own benefits and negative impacts which is creating fears among various professionals with regards to their complete replacement by machines.

The following paper looks deeply into various researches performed by scholars to have a thorough knowledge of present-day status of human–machine collaboration and the challenges organizations are facing. It will help in understanding the current scenario of HR with modern technologies.

Several primary challenges can be identified in the strategic application of AI for organizational optimization within the operational framework of diverse healthcare settings. To develop future clinical leaders, essential skills and competencies need to be cultivated within teams through training and support. The overarching aims are to foster skills for health management and leadership, as well as promote organizational behaviour for change and health system facilitators (i.e. payment systems and health information systems) to incentivize adoption. This chapter provides readers with a comprehensive roadmap for the implementation of AI in healthcare settings.

This study draws on neoclassical and behavioural economics theories to provide an empirical insight into the effect of knowledge, costs, and social norms on damp-proofing residential buildings in Ghana.

This study used the quantitative approach involving survey data. A sample size of 242 participants was involved in the study. Applying principal component analysis on the responses from the participants, an index for damp-proofing, cost, knowledge, and social norms was derived. After generating the indexes, the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was applied to estimate the impact of knowledge, costs, and social norms on damp-proofing.

The results from the OLS regression revealed that knowledge has a significant positive effect on damp-proofing while costs and social norms have significant negative effect on damp-proofing in Ghana. This study, therefore, concludes that although neoclassical economic factors such as knowledge and cost affect behaviour (damp-proofing), behavioural factors such as social norms also matter.

The outcome of this study calls for policymakers to consider putting in place measures that increase knowledge and promote the use of damp-proofing techniques during the construction of buildings. In addition, the study calls for scholars to partake in collaborative research amongst disciplines such as economics, psychology, and the construction industry in order to provide more innovative solutions, the key of which is finding innovative ways to damp proof buildings.

This study is original in its context as it draws on neoclassical and behavioural economics theories to provide an empirical insight into the effect of knowledge, costs, and social norms on damp-proofing of residential buildings in Ghana. This is an area that has received less attention in the areas of building biology and building pathology globally.