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IN all corrosion tests, it should be noticed carefully that both the material and the attacking agent conform fully to service conditions. A section, for instance, must be tested in such a way that the specimens necessary for the tensile tests are taken from the sample pieces only after finishing the corrosion test.

Index insurance is promising to mitigate drought-related income losses in agriculture. To reduce the basis risk of index insurance, the integration of satellite data is of growing interest in research. The objective of this study is to obtain preliminary evidence regarding farmers' perceived usefulness (PU) of satellite-based index insurance.

By modifying the transtheoretical model of change to a transtheoretical model of PU, German farmers' gradual PU of satellite-based index insurance was investigated.

The results show that the average farmer perceives satellite-based index insurance as useful. It can be particularly seen that a higher level of education in an agricultural context as well as higher trust in index insurance products increases farmers' gradual PU. Moreover, higher relative weather-related income losses increase farmers' gradual PU.

It is recommended to apply latent variables when conducting future investigations regarding farmers' PU.

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to explore farmers' PU of upcoming satellite-based index insurance by modifying and applying the transtheoretical model in a new way.

To analyse some proposals of the Younger German Historical School as to how to reduce unemployment and to examine them with regard to their application to contemporary unemployment. The more general issue of this paper is: Can we learn from the Younger Historical School how to solve current problems?

A review and discussion of the proposals of the Younger German Historical School.

Even though the Younger German Historical School saw the unemployment problem from an integrated point of view, many proposed solutions appear in a very modern light. Economic and social policy was called on to stimulate economic activity and to coordinate the different economic policies, taking account of the level of employment.

Highlights the fact that unemployment is not only a present day phenomenon. The dramatic impact of unemployment on individuals and societies has been well‐known, at least since the start of industrialization.