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Delays in utility shifting during road construction have broad ramifications. These delays not only lengthen the project's timeline but also raise expenses and cause problems with resource allocation. Thus, this study investigates the influence of delay in utility shifting for extension of time claims in road construction projects (RCPs) in Sri Lanka.

The study used a quantitative approach with three rounds of Delphi surveys to gather empirical data. Further, the probability impact assessment was used to carefully analyse the data and appraise the information gathered.

The findings initially revealed 33 causes of delays in utility shifting for extension of time claims in RCPs in Sri Lanka. Ultimately, 11 severe causes were identified based on their high probability and impact, concluding with 45 strategies that were assigned to overcoming those most severe causes of delay.

This study will contribute to the industry and theory by providing solutions to handle utility-shifting delays with the linkage of preventing time extension claims for RCPs in Sri Lanka. Further, there is a dearth of literature in the research area, both locally and globally. Thus, the findings of this research will provide a benchmark for further detailed studies in other countries as well.

This study explores the influence of heritage brand extension on consumer purchase intention and analyses the effects of pop culture involvement. The extension of heritage brands is becoming increasingly difficult because such an extension needs to be consistent with the unique characteristics of brands and resonate with consumers. However, few scholars discuss the influence of consumers' level of pop culture involvement on brand extension and purchasing behaviour.

Taking time-honoured brands as an example, this study established a conceptual model based on a comprehensive review of the literature, and then tested the model using a sample of 255 respondents who were familiar with one of the selected Chinese time-honoured brands. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the relationships amongst brand extension fit, pop culture involvement, perceived value and purchase intention.

Time-honoured brand extension fit has a positive impact on consumer purchase intention, and this path is significantly influenced by the mediation mechanisms of perceived value. Situational pop culture involvement can significantly strengthen the relationship between time-honoured brand extension fit and perceived value, whereas enduring pop culture involvement does not.

The results clarify and expand on the different roles of cultural involvement in time-honoured brands and broaden research on the influence of cultural involvement in this regard. This study has significant theoretical value for the inheritance and revival of heritage brands and provides a reference for the practice of time-honoured brands.

The aim of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that a contractor is entitled to payment for “constructive” acceleration implemented to avoid liquidated damages when denied a warranted time extension request by the employer or certifier under an English law construction contract. This claim is recognised in the US legal system, but not elsewhere.

This paper adopts a “black letter” approach to reviewing the claim of constructive acceleration within the context of English and Commonwealth case law, from the perspective of a claimant contractor.

The research presented in this paper concludes that whilst claims for constructive acceleration are unlikely to succeed in an English court on the basis of US law, a claim might be supportable on more orthodox common law grounds. These include implied instructions under the contract, breach of the contract based on the employer or certifier’s failure to operate the contract, mitigation of damages, unjust enrichment and tortious intimidation.

The focus of this paper is placed on English, Unites States, Canadian and Australasian case law.

The range of potential legal grounds for constructive acceleration examined in this paper provides a toolkit for practitioners preparing to make or defend constructive acceleration claims. This paper also bring more clarity to a potential legal problem faced by practitioners in circumstances of significant tension and limited time.

This paper provides a useful information source for practitioners faced with the prospect of advancing or defending constructive acceleration claims, and it provides a foundation for future related studies examining a wider scope of jurisdictions.

The aim of the article is to propose BPMN extensions that facilitate the modeling of Clinical Pathways in a way that enables for various groups of users, the transfer of a much wider range of information in the form of process models without compromising their readability and usefulness.

The paper uses the design science research methodology (DSRM) and covers phases of a design-oriented research project extending BPMN notation for clinical pathway modeling.

The article proposes extensions of BPMN in 5 areas, enabling standardization of the description of business processes of different natures and complexity and in turn meeting the needs and requirements of modeling clinical pathways and, more broadly speaking, knowledge-intensive business processes (kiBPs) in general. As shown by the evaluation carried out among medical personnel, the proposed extensions allow for the readable transfer of a considerably larger body of information relevant to the planned, conducted and assessed therapy (kiBPs) than the current BPMN 2.0 standard.

The BPMN extensions proposed in the article fill the gaps in this notation and do not require users to know many notations, which in practice is unrealistic. Defined extensions to the BPMN specification makes it possible to standardise the description of processes of different natures and levels of complexity. In this way, both simplified models (and views of models) dedicated to users unfamiliar with BPMN and models (or views) using advanced possibilities provided by BPMN can be based on one standard, even if they use only a small part of its possibilities.

This paper aims to reduce the cost, limit the time and increase raw material source availability, coral aggregate seawater concrete (CASC) composed of coral, coral sand, seawater and cement can be widely used for the construction of ports, levees, airports and roads to achieve practical engineering values. However, the naturally porous coral structure and abundant Cl⁻ in the seawater and coral lead to extremely severe reinforcement corrosion for CASC. It is well known that Cl⁻ is the main cause of reinforcement corrosion in the marine environment. Therefore, it is necessary to research the reinforcement corrosion of CASC in the marine environment.

In this study, linear polarization resistance was adopted to test the linear polarization curves of reinforcement in CASC with different exposure times. E_corr, R_p, I_corr and V_corr were calculated according to the weak electrochemical polarization theory and Stern–Geary formula. The effects of concrete cover thickness, exposure time, reinforcement types and inhibitor on reinforcement corrosion in CASC were analysed. The reinforcement corrosion degradation rule was determined, which provided theoretical support for the durability improvement, security assessment, service life prediction and service quality control of CASC structures in marine islands and reef engineering.

The corrosion resistance was enhanced with increased concrete cover thickness, and the concrete cover thickness for organic new coated steel should be at least 5.5 cm to reduce the reinforcement corrosion risks in CASC structures. The corrosion resistance of different types of reinforcements followed the rule: 2205 duplex stainless steel > 316 stainless steel > organic new coated steel > zinc-chromium coated steel > common steel. In the early exposure stage, the anti-corrosion effectiveness of the calcium nitrate inhibitor (CN) was superior to that for the amino alcohol inhibitor (AA). With the extension of exposure time, the decreasing rate of anticorrosion effectiveness of CN was higher than that of AA.

Reinforcement corrosion of CASC in a marine environment was studied. Concrete cover thickness, exposure time, reinforcement type and inhibitor influenced the reinforcement corrosion were investigated. New technique of reinforcement anti-corrosion in marine engineering was proposed. Possible applications of CASC in marine engineering structures were suggested.

In Australia, compulsory rapid adjudication under the Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 1999 (NSW) (or the equivalent legislation another Australian State or Territory) is a common way that payment claims under commercial construction contracts are decided. Construction contracts often contain penalty clauses. In particular, time bar clauses have been used to impose a penalty upon claimants and are frequently raised by a respondent as a reason for withholding payment. In the recent case of Andrews v. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group [2012] HCA 30 (“the Andrews case”), decided by the high court of Australia, the court has described how Australian courts must deal with penal provisions in contracts. The purpose of this paper is to consider the effectiveness of time bar clauses in the light of the penalty doctrine enunciated in the Andrews case.

A “black‐letter” approach is adopted to analyse and explain the effectiveness of time bar clauses in the light of the penalty doctrine enunciated in the Andrews case.

In the Andrews case, the high court decided that a penalty may arise where there is a stipulation in a contract in favour of a second party and upon the failure of that stipulation (the primary stipulation) there is a secondary stipulation that imposes on the first party an additional detriment to the benefit of the second party. If the second party can be compensated for the failure of the primary stipulation then to the extent that the additional detriment imposed on the first party exceeds that compensation, it is a penalty. In the context of time bar clauses, if a construction contract provides that when one party (the first party) fails, within a time prescribed by the contract, to give the other party (the second party) notice of a claim for extra remuneration or an extension of time, the consequence is that the first party forfeits an entitlement to be paid money that the party would otherwise be entitled to claim, or the first party becomes liable to pay the second party money, the penalty doctrine might apply.

The penalty doctrine is applicable to all contracts. The analysis of the Andrews case presented in this paper may be of interest in international jurisdictions, particularly where statutory adjudication for the construction industry has been introduced or is being contemplated.

The purpose of this paper is to test and model the effect of parent brand salience, branding strategy and extension innovativeness positioning on the extent of transfer of associations from the parent brand to a brand extension.

A field experiment based on a 2×2×2 between‐subjects completely randomized factorial design involving 808 consumers was conducted. Three factors were manipulated: parent brand salience, product innovativeness, and the branding strategy.

The paper finds that, in addition to the main effects of salience and the branding strategy, all three factors jointly influence the extent of transfer of associations from a parent brand to an extension.

Despite the external validity of a natural experiment, some uncontrolled factors may have influenced the results. Also, transfer was assessed within time constraints (i.e. the time to complete the survey). The “duration” of any transfer effect is likely to be related to the ad exposure, which could be tested in future research.

The findings are important for line extension development since they suggest that the launch of an extension can be designed to maximize or minimize transfer of brand associations from the parent brand to a new line extension, depending on the specific marketing objectives for the parent brand and/or extension.

This paper fills an important gap in the literature in terms of identifying product innovativeness, parent brand salience and the branding strategy as synergistic factors affecting transfer of brand associations for parent brands to their extensions.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between extensions of time and payment of liquidated damages under construction contracts in English law.

This paper sets out the law relating to granting extensions of time and liquidated damages and examines the effect of one upon the other. The JCT form of contract is used as an example, although it is submitted that the position is the same under other forms of contract. Case law is examined to illuminate the judicial approach and highlight inconsistencies, and consideration is given to the position in other jurisdictions.

This paper examines the effect of delaying events in particular circumstances, including where time is “at large”, sectional completion, partial possession, set‐off of liquidated damages and liquidated damages after termination of the contract. Particular attention is paid to concurrent and sequential delays; where both parties are at fault, it may be appropriate to deny the employer any entitlement to liquidated damages and deny the contractor any entitlement to loss and expense.

An understanding of the effect that delaying events have upon the contractor's right to an extension of time and the employer's entitlement to liquidated damages is critical for successful project completion. This relationship is not always straightforward and judicial approach is not always consistent. Clarification is required as to the effect of sequential delays.

This paper is of value to researchers and practitioners in establishing the legal position in an area that is often complex and obscure.

The purpose of this paper is to consider a discrete‐time, Markov, regime‐switching, affine term‐structure model for valuing bonds and other interest rate securities. The proposed model incorporates the impact of structural changes in (macro)‐economic conditions on interest‐rate dynamics. The market in the proposed model is, in general, incomplete. A modified version of the Esscher transform, namely, a double Esscher transform, is used to specify a price kernel so that both market and economic risks are taken into account.

The market in the proposed model is, in general, incomplete. A modified version of the Esscher transform, namely, a double Esscher transform, is used to specify a price kernel so that both market and economic risks are taken into account.

The authors derive a simple way to give exponential affine forms of bond prices using backward induction. The authors also consider a continuous‐time extension of the model and derive exponential affine forms of bond prices using the concept of stochastic flows.

The methods and results presented in the paper are new.

The objectives of this paper are to determine the current level of construction time performance of public sector projects; and to identify variables related to project characteristics and variables associated with excusable delay that have significant effects on the construction time performance of public sector civil engineering projects in Malaysia.

This study adopted a quantitative approach. Original contract duration and actual contract duration of 244 projects were collected from project files to assess current level of CTP. Variables related to project characteristics and excusable delays were then regressed against time performance index using multiple regression analysis to identify variables that had significant relationships with construction time performance.

The construction time performance of the public projects in Malaysia was found to be affected more by variables related to excusable delays than project characteristic variables.

This study is focused on public sector civil engineering projects limited to irrigation and drainage, road and sewerage projects where building was not included.

Excusable delays were found to be common causes of delay in significant numbers of public projects.

The variables that were found to be significant should be given attention by planners and designers in order to minimize the occurrence of delay in public projects.