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In today's e‐business, system downtime is an unacceptable option since each hour, even minute of downtime may generate negative financial effects. In order to stay competitive, e‐business must be continuous from a data availability perspective and agile with regard to data access. Therefore, there is a need for an information system which can support such a kind of business which will have high availability ratios. This study seeks to address this issue.

A systems approach has been used. Methodological framework is based on a MS/OR‐based definition of a system given by C.W. Churchman.

The paper presents a framework for the development of an e‐business‐oriented information system from business continuance perspective. It identifies high system availability and agile data access as two critical attributes in designing information systems for e‐business. In addition, it identifies two sets of information technologies (business continuity and business agility drivers) that are crucial in developing such information systems.

The presented framework can be used while selecting an appropriate operating platform in order to achieve higher levels of continuous computing.

Systems approach as defined by C.W. Churchman has been applied in the field of information systems for e‐business continuance.

The purpose of this paper is to propose the use of the continuous adjoint method as a tool to identify the appropriate location and “type” (suction or blowing) of steady jets used in active flow control systems.

The method is based on continuous adjoint and covers both internal and external aerodynamics. The adjoint equations, including the adjoint to the SpalartAllmaras turbulence model and their boundary conditions are formulated. At the cost of solving the flow and adjoint equations just once, the sensitivity derivatives of the objective function with respect to hypothetical (normal) jet velocities at all wall nodes are computed. Comparisons of the computed sensitivities with finite differences and parametric studies to assess the present method are included.

Though the sensitivities are computed for zero jet velocities, they adequately support decision making on: the recommended location of jet(s), at boundary nodes with high absolute valued sensitivities; and the selection between suction or blowing jets, based on the sign of the computed sensitivities. Regarding adjoint methods, two important findings of this work are: the role of the adjoint pressure which proves to be an excellent sensor in flow control problems; and the prediction accuracy of the proposed adjoint method compared to the commonly made assumption of “frozen turbulence”.

First use of the continuous adjoint method using full differentiation of the turbulence model, in flow control optimization. A low‐cost design tool for recommending some of the most important jet characteristics.

The paper aims at defining a systemic framework for the implementation of business continuity management (BCM). The framework is based on the assertion that the implementation of BCM should be done through the systemic implementation of an “always-on” enterprise information system.

Systems approach is used in order to design a systemic framework for the implementation of continuous computing technologies within the concept of an always-on enterprise information system.

A conceptual framework has been proposed to develop a framework for a systemic implementation of several continuous computing technologies that enhance business continuity (BC) in the form of an “always-on” enterprise information system.

The paper identifies BC as a business pressure in internet era and suggests a systemic framework for implementation.

The paper aims at identifying key information technology enablers for business continuance.

The paper provides an analysis of the issues surrounding communication technology downtime and business continuity.

To be competitive, today's business has to be continuous from a data availability perspective and agile with regard to data access. System and/or application downtime are not an option in modern business since each hour, even minute, of downtime may generate negative financial effects. A framework for the design and implementation of a server operating environment for business continuance is presented.

Analyses an important issue in the business environment.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for the use of mobile computing in the management of on‐site construction information and communication.

The research strategy contains three steps: a pilot study for the first stage, a survey that investigated the information needs of particular users and the nature of on‐site information, and finally the development of a model and the validation and evaluation by operational scenarios.

The developed model explores how mobile computing can be used on construction sites to manage on‐site information. This model, firstly, identifies the key factors of mobile computer, wireless network, mobile application, construction personnel, construction information, and construction site; secondly it describes the relationships and interactions among these factors. Based on the model, the selection process for mobile computing strategy includes the clarification of information management process, the creations of overview for mobile computing solution, the identification of mobile computing strategy, and the selection of appropriate mobile computing technology.

The developed model explores the general concepts and the internal relationships at the two areas of mobile computing and construction site information management. The application of the model can help users to select mobile computing strategies for managing on‐site construction information based on the characteristics of their projects.

In the previous monograph, a discussion took place on what constitutes dismissal and when the termination of the contract of employment takes effect. These two aspects treat the first of the statutory qualifications necessary to enable the employee to exercise his right not to be unfairly dismissed, namely that he must first be dismissed.

The purpose of this study is to develop a new parallel metaheuristic algorithm for solving unconstrained continuous optimization problems.

The proposed method brings several metaheuristic algorithms together to form a coalition under Weighted Superposition Attraction-Repulsion Algorithm (WSAR) in a parallel computing environment. The proposed approach runs different single solution based metaheuristic algorithms in parallel and employs WSAR (which is a recently developed and proposed swarm intelligence based optimizer) as controller.

The proposed approach is tested against the latest well-known unconstrained continuous optimization problems (CEC2020). The obtained results are compared with some other optimization algorithms. The results of the comparison prove the efficiency of the proposed method.

This study aims to combine different metaheuristic algorithms in order to provide a satisfactory performance on solving the optimization problems by benefiting their diverse characteristics. In addition, the run time is shortened by parallel execution. The proposed approach can be applied to any type of optimization problems by its problem-independent structure.

Cloud computing originated in central data centers that are connected to the backbone of the Internet. The network transport to and from a distant data center incurs long latencies that hinder modern low-latency applications. In order to flexibly support the computing demands of users, cloud computing is evolving toward a continuum of cloud computing resources that are distributed between the end users and a distant data center. The purpose of this review paper is to concisely summarize the state-of-the-art in the evolving cloud computing field and to outline research imperatives.

The authors identify two main dimensions (or axes) of development of cloud computing: the trend toward flexibility of scaling computing resources, which the authors denote as Flex-Cloud, and the trend toward ubiquitous cloud computing, which the authors denote as Ubi-Cloud. Along these two axes of Flex-Cloud and Ubi-Cloud, the authors review the existing research and development and identify pressing open problems.

The authors find that extensive research and development efforts have addressed some Ubi-Cloud and Flex-Cloud challenges resulting in exciting advances to date. However, a wide array of research challenges remains open, thus providing a fertile field for future research and development.

This review paper is the first to define the concept of the Ubi-Flex-Cloud as the two-dimensional research and design space for cloud computing research and development. The Ubi-Flex-Cloud concept can serve as a foundation and reference framework for planning and positioning future cloud computing research and development efforts.

The purpose of this paper is to present a framework for developing an integrated operating environment (IOE) within an enterprise information system by incorporating business continuity drivers. These drivers enable a business to continue with its operations even if some sort of failure or disaster occurs.

Development and implementation of the framework are based on holistic and top‐down approach. An IOE on server's side of contemporary business computing is investigated in depth.

Key disconnection points are identified, where systems integration technologies can be used to integrate platforms, protocols, data and application formats, etc. Downtime points are also identified and explained. A thorough list of main business continuity drivers (continuous computing (CC) technologies) for enhancing business continuity is identified and presented. The framework can be utilized in developing an integrated server operating environment for enhancing business continuity.

This paper presents a comprehensive framework including exhaustive handling of enabling drivers as well as disconnection points toward CC and business continuity.