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John N Auckland BSc, PhD, Clive Hunt BSc, MPhil and Yvette Whelbourn describe an investigation they carried out to discover how much a certain group of students knew about some aspects of nutrition. The students, from The Polytechnic, Huddersfield, had made a voluntary decision to slim and were also self catering. The authors found that, in general, female students were nutritionally more knowledgeable than males, having a better idea of relative energy values and which foods it is necessary to reduce in order to slim. However, the intake of several vitamins and minerals fell substantially below UK recommended levels during slimming and the results therefore suggest that self‐catering students would benefit from nutritional advice and possibly access to specifically formulated slimming diets

Over a two‐year period, 259 children, aged 8‐11 years, completed a four‐day weighed intake study. Heights and weights were also measured for each child and for an additional 154 children. Overall, the children had intakes of energy, total carbohydrate, fibre and iron below those recommended by the Department of Health, but sugar intakes were excessive. Intakes of other nutrients were generally adequate but children from poorer areas had significantly lower intakes of energy and most nutrients, including calcium, than did their peers. It was the provision of less food at home, rather than at school, which caused the differences in their diet. They were also significantly shorter and lighter than their peers. These anthropometric and dietary differences were larger than expected and persisted over time in a sample of “follow‐up” children. Suggests that the reintroduction of school milk, at least for poorer children, could be recommended on nutritional grounds.

EVEN the technical press is inclined to devote more space to developments in aircraft and their component parts than to the metals and materials employed in their construction. In this article the writer proposes to survey the entire field of aircraft metals developed of recent years.

ALTHOUGH the University of Southampton has had an independent existence for ten years it has roots going back almost a century in the Hartley Institute. An early pioneer in aeronautics, F. W. Lanchester received his technical training in Southampton and the first of the new engineering buildings at the university has been called after him.

MANN Avionics Ltd. has completed the installation of a comprehensive surveillance and communications system for the Scottish Fisheries Department's new coastal patrol aircraft.

Viewing the last dying embers of 1984, the Orwel‐lian year of Big Brother and some of its not‐so‐far off the mark predictions, the unemployment which one cannot help feeling is more apparent than real, it is hardly surprising that the subject of Poverty or the so‐called Poverty arise. The real poverty of undernourished children, soup kitchens, children suffering at Christmas, hungry children ravenously consuming free school meals has not, even now, returned.

THE funeral oration pronounced by Pericles for the Athenians who perished at the battle of Marathon contained the words: ‘It is not the acknowledgment of poverty that we think disgraceful, but the want of endeavour to avoid it.’ His people, demoralized by plague at home and external troubles abroad, refused to heed his words, just as the world has tended to ignore similar counsel for over 2,000 years.

Three themes dominate Hunting Causes. The first is that cause is a plural concept. The methods and metaphysics of causation, Cartwright believes, are context dependent. Different causal accounts seem to be at odds with one another only because the same word means different things in different contexts. Every formal approach to causality uses a conceptual framework that is “thinner” than causal reality. She lists a bewildering variety of approaches to causation: probabilistic and Bayes-net accounts (of, for example, Patrick Suppes, Clive Granger, Wolfgang Spohn, Judea Pearl, and Clark Glymour), modularity accounts (Pearl, James Woodward, and Stephen LeRoy), invariance accounts (Woodward, David Hendry, and Kevin Hoover), natural experiments (Herbert Simon, James Hamilton, and Cartwright), causal process accounts (Wesley Salmon and Philip Dowe), efficacy accounts (Hoover), counterfactual accounts (David Lewis, Hendry, Paul Holland, and Donald Rubin), manipulationist accounts (Peter Menzies and Huw Price), and others. The lists of advocates of various accounts overlap. Nevertheless, she sometimes treats these accounts as if they were so different that it is not clear why they should be the subject of a single book. And she fails to explain what they have in common. If, as she apparently believes, they do not have a common essence, do they have a Wittgensteinian family resemblance? She fails to explore in any systematic way the complementarities among the different approaches – for example, between invariance accounts, Bayes-nets, and natural experiments – that frequently make their advocates allies rather than opponents.

The purpose of this paper is to add to the academic discourse by developing a methodology by which a block of land’s goodwill, or lack of goodwill, can be factored into its valuation.

The research was undertaken utilising a mixed-methods approach, which involved doctrinal research, together with qualitative and quantitative analysis of the impact of neighbourhood disputes on real property value. The disputes engaged with for exemplar purposes were those of tree disputes resolved by QCAT order.

A dispute can adversely affect a property’s goodwill, which can impact both its saleability and value.

Due to the sensitive nature of the valuation process and the potential negative impact that any identification of a property may have on its value, it was not appropriate to identify any properties specifically or the area in which these are located. Further, as regards the available details of disputes, the authors were only able to engage with disputes for which an order existed.

The methodology developed can be applied to other real property interests, for example, lots in freehold retirement village complexes or those within other strata title schemes of either residential or commercial use.

As the number of neighbourhood disputes throughout Australia grows, addressing the impact that a dispute has for property value is a concern relevant to all valuers and owners.

The authors add to the academic discourse by developing a methodology by which a property’s goodwill, or lack of goodwill, can be factored into its valuation.