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The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001 as well as the European Union Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) are two established management tools to evaluate, report and improve the environmental performance of businesses. The purpose of this chapter is the development and testing of a model on motivations, benefits, barriers and preconditions to the implementation of environmental management system (EMS) in the German hotel sector. One hundred and thirty six hotels have been identified as having implemented either ISO 14001 or EMAS (or both) in their operations. An analysis showed various correlations between motivations and perceived benefits of implementing an EMS, whereas no correlation could be measured between preconditions and barriers. Finally the preconditions, barriers, motivations and benefits were examined based on various characteristics of the hotels surveyed, which revealed significant differences among the different subgroups, such as chain-operated hotels and independently owned properties, or between luxury properties and budget operations.

The purpose of this chapter is to develop and review a set of indicators that measure the level of sustainable performance achieved by individual restaurants and to provide a means by which all restaurant operations can implement sustainable practices. The set of indicators, derived from extensive literature review, were tested on four London restaurants purporting to be sustainable. Results show that these indicators can be used effectively by the restaurants wishing to improve their sustainable performance. In addition, by using sustainable indicators the study aims to develop a theoretical concept for future improvement in the sustainable management of restaurant operations.

Tourism is one of South Africa’s fastest growing sectors. Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT) is an approach to tourism development that results in increased net benefits for poor people. It enhances the linkages between tourism businesses and poor people, so that tourism’s contribution to poverty reduction is increased. The South African Township Tourism Organisation tries to implement PPT by providing tourists with the chance to learn about the country and its history in an authentic way. The authors took a sample of Tour Operators registered with Tourism South Africa in Cape Town, Johannesburg and Pretoria that include the two biggest townships Khayelitsha and Soweto. They used in-depth interviews to identify the kind of tours offered and the extent to which local communities are involved in and benefit from these tours. Results show that in terms of direct poverty alleviation township tourism is considered to be only moderately successful. The tour operators emphasised the need for more social investment and for local government to play an active role in encouraging the employment of more local people.