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The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the effects of gang prevention programs on gang membership.

The authors conducted a systematic literature review across 19 bibliographic databases and a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of these strategies.

The database search resulted in 3,850 hits. Of the 162 studies that were screened in full, six involved a prevention program with outcomes commensurate for meta-analysis. Pooled log odds ratios indicate a significant, positive effect of gang prevention programs at reducing gang membership; however, sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the results are driven by the effects of a single study.

Despite the small sample size, the current study presents the best available evidence regarding the effectiveness of gang membership prevention programs. There is a critical need in the field of gang control for rigorous evaluation of prevention strategies.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the spatial patterns of different phenomena in the same geographical space. Andresen’s spatial point pattern test computes a global index (the S-index) that informs on the similarity or dissimilarity of spatial patterns. This paper suggests a generalized S-index that allows perfect similarity and dissimilarity in all situations.

The relevance of the generalized S-index is illustrated with police data from the San Francisco Police Department. In all cases, the original S-index, its robust version – which excludes zero-crime areas – and the generalized alternative were computed.

In the first example, the number of crimes greatly exceeds the number of areas and there are no zero-value areas. A key feature of the second example is that most street segments were free of any criminal activity in both patterns. Finally, in the third case, one type of event is considerably rarer than the other. The original S-index is equal to the generalized index (Case 1) or theoretically irrelevant (Cases 2 and 3). Furthermore, the robust index is unnecessary and potentially biased when the number of at least one phenomenon being compared is lower than the number of areas under study. Thus, this study suggests to replace the S-index with its generalized version.

The generalized S-index is relevant for situations when events are relatively rare –as is the case with crime – and the unit of analysis is small but plentiful – such as addresses or street segments.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether there is room for a stabilising fiscal policy, through an analysis of the supporters of the new classical economics and the supporters of the new Keynesian economics. There are no reliable results on the Keynesian and non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policies. As such, the policy-mix becomes a problem of theoretical approach, in the sense of a strategic game between monetary authorities and tax authorities (among them). This points to the problem of coordination between budgetary authorities as being the central debate within the Eurozone. The end-result is that without fiscal policy coordination, Eurozone member states are working on a series of non-cooperative games that are inefficient, because no player can improve its position by unilaterally changing its strategy.

The analysis starts from the experience of three countries in the 1980s, these are Denmark, Ireland and Sweden. In all three cases the adoption of restrictive budget policies has provoked a strong, rapid and enduring resizing of public debt, and growth did not weaken, moreover it accelerated. In all three cases the logic behind the policy-mix actions allowed the individualisation of the respective roles of fiscal and monetary policies. Fiscal policies were joining with fiscal instruments and reduction in public spending and furthermore monetary policy was accommodated in respect of the budget contraction.

First, the authors were not able to identify an analytical method that can ensure the success of a fiscal policy. Second, analysing fiscal policies within the Eurozone implies also that the authors reflect on the need for a coordination of these policies. In fact, the authors have shown how the possible coordination of economic policies in the Eurozone would result in major benefits for all member countries.

In the absence of fiscal policy coordination, member states are engaged in a series of non-cooperative games that prove inefficient, when no player is able to improve its position by unilaterally changing its fiscal policy. The coordination of national fiscal policies generates a collective advantage, bringing each state to consistently change its strategies.

The aim of this paper is gaining a deeper understanding of potential negative effects of (smart)phone use at work. The authors do so by exploring mediating mechanisms and boundary conditions between leader phubbing, leaders snubbing their followers by glancing at their phones during an interaction; and follower (1) work engagement and (2) performance.

The authors conducted a survey-based time-lagged, multi-source and team-based study of leaders (N = 93) and their followers (N = 454).

Results of this paper showed that leader phubbing negatively relates to follower (1) work engagement and (2) performance through less perceived leader support. Contradictory to the hypothesis, the relationship between leader phubbing and perceived leader support was negative for male leaders only.

The authors contribute to existing research by (1) adding perceived support as an important mediator between leader phubbing and work engagement/performance, (2) exploring the effects of leader gender and (3) adding information on the cultural robustness of the leader phubbing phenomenon by testing it outside the Western work context.

The primary purpose of the present research is to assess the people's awareness level of End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV) management in India. The study proposes to estimate the projected annual demand for the new ELVs over 15 years from 2020–2035 and assess the growth rate in new annual ELVs.

Employing a mixed method study, the authors obtained secondary data from the annual reports from the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM). In Study 1, the authors employed log-linear regression and compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) to compute the growth rates for these projections. After that, the authors collected the primary data of vehicle users (n = 920) using survey methodology, both open and closed-ended items completed the test battery (Study 2A and 2B). While open-ended items were analyzed qualitatively, the closed-ended items were analyzed quantitatively.

The estimation of annual ELV estimates and their cumulative figures over 15 years determined the market size in the future, outlining the importance of ELV management. The qualitative approach helped deduce the people's most prominent sentiments regarding decommissioning and the ELV management process. From the primary analysis, the authors concluded that people perceived the ELV management process positively; however, there are areas where the government's specific attention is warranted.

In this study, the authors have outlined how specific measures in ELV management can result in a sustainable circular economy. Additionally, the authors have designed a test battery to understand people's perception, which is first of its kind effort to understand what people think about ELV management. Studies globally considering people's perception of ELV can employ the test battery designed for this study. Additionally, countries that have ELV management in nascent stages can refer to India's experience with ELV management and the related people's perception.

This paper presents a systematic literature review of the various aspects of reverse logistics (RL) and closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) in implementing and achieving circular economy (CE) motives. CE is identified as a method of embracing imperishability into the economic structure, helping shift from a linear to a condition leading to ecological and social benefits.

Systematic literature was used to review a total of 80 peer-reviewed articles are included in the study and covers different concepts related to the implementation of CE, such as cost-saving, network design, sustainable RL, waste management and extended producer responsibility.

The findings reveal that the research in the domain is in a growing phase, and in recent years, a lot of attention has been given by researchers across the globe. However, further research is required in crucial areas for the adoption of CE, such as retail reverse logistics, pharmaceutical industries and resource recycling industry.

The study discusses the business needs and solutions for industries. Key enablers and barriers are listed along with the main activities involved in each sector in CLSC. Managers can design a pathway to decide which lever to use to overcome a particular challenge.

The work contributes theoretically by developing research themes in RL and CLSC practices applied to CE. It also provides theoretical and practical implications of the study, which can be used as a signboard for further research.