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The purpose of this paper is to examine existing research in Cultural Intelligence (CI), in an attempt to understand the intellectual influences on current research and research trends.

The authors used a bibliometric study of cocitation and bibliographic coupling, supported by factor and network analysis. From a sample of 219 articles, the authors examined selected articles (60 for bibliographic coupling) and the references (32 for citation and cocitation).

The results indicate that Earley and Ang (2003) is the basis for the current research. The intellectual structure of CI was concerned with three themes: the Concept of CI; CI and the Cultural Context; and Operationalization of the CI Concept. This initial research has influenced current research in the Operationalization of the Concept of CI when investigating the effect of CI on cultural diversity and individual skills and abilities. Another front recognizes the relationship between CI and the cultural context, being oriented toward understanding the performance and leadership of individuals.

The authors identified a new research front related to the effect of CI on cultural diversity. It indicates promising new fronts considering culture in a multifaceted and multilevel perspective, and also the possibility of evaluating the construct's cognitive components in the original perspective of Earley and Ang (2003) with neuroscientific methods. From the analysis, the authors suggest that future research presents methodological challenges and the connection of the CI construct and the level of analysis, and the Latin American context, which are explored at the end of this paper.

Resumen

Examinamos la investigación existente en inteligencia cultural (IC) para comprender las influencias intelectuales en la investigación actual y las tendencias de investigación.

Se utilizó un estudio bibliométrico de cocitación y acoplamiento bibliográfico, apoyado en análisis factorial y de redes. De una muestra de 219 artículos, examinamos artículos seleccionados (60 por acoplamiento bibliográfico) y referencias (32 por citación y co-citación).

Los resultados indican que Earley y Ang (2003) es la base de la presente investigación. La estructura intelectual de IC se ocupaba de tres temas: El Concepto de IC; IC y el Contexto Cultural; Operacionalización del Concepto IC. Esta investigación inicial ha influido en la investigación actual sobre la puesta en práctica del concepto de IC al investigar el efecto de la IC en la diversidad cultural y las habilidades y capacidades individuales. Otro frente reconoce la relación entre la IC y el contexto cultural, orientándose hacia la comprensión del desempeño y liderazgo de los individuos.

Identificamos un nuevo frente de investigación relacionado con el efecto de la IC en la diversidad cultural. Indica nuevas frentes prometedoras considerando la cultura en una perspectiva multifacética y multinivel, pero también la posibilidad de evaluar los componentes cognitivos del constructo en la perspectiva original de Earley y Ang (2003) con métodos neurocientíficos. A partir del análisis, sugerimos que futuras investigaciones presentan desafíos metodológicos y la conexión del constructo IC y el nivel de análisis y el contexto latinoamericano, que se exploran al final del artículo.

Resumo

Examinamos as pesquisas existentes em Inteligência Cultural (IC) parade entender as influências intelectuais na pesquisa atual e tendências de pesquisa.

Utilizamos um estudo bibliométrico de cocitação e pareamento bibliográfico, apoiado em análise fatorial e de rede. De uma amostra de 219 artigos, examinamos os artigos selecionados (60 por pareamento bibliográfico) e as referências (32 por citação e cocitação).

Os resultados indicam que Earley e Ang (2003) é a base para a presente pesquisa. A estrutura intelectual da IC preocupou-se com três temas: O Conceito de IC; IC e o Contexto Cultural; Operacionalização do Conceito IC. Esta pesquisa inicial influenciou a pesquisa atual na Operacionalização do Conceito de IC ao investigar o efeito da IC na diversidade cultural e habilidades e habilidades individuais. Outra frente reconhece a relação da IC com o contexto cultural, sendo orientada para a compreensão do desempenho e liderança dos indivíduos.

Identificamos uma nova frente de pesquisa relacionada ao efeito da IC na diversidade cultural. Indica novas frentes promissoras considerando a cultura em uma perspectiva multifacetada e multinível, mas também a possibilidade de avaliar os componentes cognitivos do construto na perspectiva original de Earley e Ang (2003) com métodos neurocientíficos. A partir da análise, sugerimos que pesquisas futuras apresentam desafios metodológicos e a conexão do construto IC e o nível de análise e o contexto latino-americano, que são explorados ao final do artigo.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between cultural intelligence (CQ) and both leadership style (MLQ) and leadership adaptability (LA), seeking to understand whether leaders with higher CQ will more frequently practise an adaptive and transformational leadership.

Respondents are 167 leaders of public and private schools in the UAE; they completed a questionnaire that incorporated the 20-item version of the CQ scale, the 36-item MLQ5x scale and the 13-item LA scale. Correlation and regression analyses assess the relationships between the concepts.

CQ has a significant relationship with the transformational component of MLQ; the strategy, motivation and behaviour components of CQ are significantly related to transformational leadership. CQ is not related to transactional or laissez-faire leadership style. CQ has a significant relationship with LA; the strategy, motivation and behaviour components of CQ are significant predictors of LA.

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to bring together these three concepts, and to understand the relationships between them.

The purpose of this paper is to provide guidelines to IHRM by providing a set of personal and psychological competencies that are relevant to the development of global mindsets in global leaders.

The authors adopted the qualitative research approach by conducting interviews with 22 top managers and organizing focus groups to 102 expatriated Brazilian global leaders.

The findings suggest that the language proficiency, the complexity of the global role and the positive psychological traits are highly relevant when developing global mindsets.

The researcher argues that the IHRM must review its practices regarding the management of international assignments which efficiency is overrated by top managers.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how cultural intelligence (CQ) and language proficiency are related to cross‐cultural adjustment, expatriate satisfaction, and expatriate desires towards the future, to further what is known about CQ.

A quantitative survey was developed and administered to 140 native English‐speaking expatriates living in Japan who were participating in the Japan Exchange and Teaching program. The survey was designed to measure CQ, language proficiency, cross‐cultural adjustment, satisfaction with their work and life in Japan, and their attitudes towards future expatriate assignments.

In total, there were eight criterion variables used in the study. Results from a series of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the four CQ factors and language proficiency to various degrees were able to predict the various criterion variables. Motivational CQ was the only predictor variable that was able to predict all criterion variables.

This paper provides solid quantitative research into CQ. However, since the data come from self‐report surveys, its limitations in terms of common method bias are recognized.

This study identifies both language ability and CQ as predictive of expatriate adjustment. This information enables organizations to better prepare their members for expatriate assignments.

Although prior research has investigated a number of these issues separately on various types of samples, this paper is the first to combine all the variables into one study using expatriates.

Reviews the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoints practical implications from cutting‐edge research and case studies.

This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

This review is based on “Implementation of an integrated management system in an airline: a case study,” by Palmira Lopez‐Fresno. This piece tackles comprehensively the issues behind creating an IMS, using a specific company case. A less euphemistic approach to how the company's more recalcitrant individuals were mollified, through “special communication,” would have been fascinating.

Provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.

The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy‐to‐digest format.

Systematic organization of domain knowledge has many advantages in archiving, sharing and retrieval of information. Ontologies provide a cushion for such practices in the semantic Web environment. This study aims to develop an ontology that can preserve the knowledge base of traditional dance practices.

It is hypothesized that an ontology-based approach for the chosen domain might boost collaborative research prospects in the domain. A systematic methodology was developed for modeling the ontology based on the analytico-synthetic rule of library classification. Protégé 5.2 was used as an editor for the ontology using the Web ontology language combined with description logic axioms. Ontology was later implemented in a local GraphDB repository to run queries over it.

The developed ontology on traditional dances (OTD) was tested using the dances of the Rabha tribes of North East India. Rabha tribes are from an indigenous mongoloid community and have a robust presence in Southeast Asian countries, such as Myanmar, Thailand, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal. The result from HermiT reasoner found the presence of no logical inconsistency in the ontology, while the OOPS! pitfall checker tool reported no major internal inconsistency. The induced knowledge base of traditional dances of the Rabha’s in the developed OTD was further validated based on some competency questions.

In the growing trend of globalization, preservation of the cultural knowledge base of human societies is an important issue. Traditional dances reflect a strong base of the cultural heritage of human societies as they are closely related to the lifestyle, habitat, religious practices and festivals of a specific community.

The current study is exclusively designed, keeping in mind the variables of traditional dance domain based on a survey of the user- and domain-specific needs. The ontology finds probable uses in traditional knowledge information systems, lifestyle-based e-commerce sites and e-learning platforms.

Ports are a significant link in a global supply chain and an economic entity that contributes to the country's economy. India has around 200 ports along its coastline of about 8,000 Km, yet none of them perform at par with many Asian ports. In the Indian port system, cargo throughput and the turnaround time (TAT) of ships calling at ports constitute the most significant performance measures. These performance metrics do not integrate sustainability measures such as emission levels and energy consumed. The draft is a constraint in many ports and ships visit with less than full shipload cargo. The TAT for such vessels may be lower, but the emission per ton of cargo carried is higher compared to a ship with full shipload cargo. Many ports have old or poorly maintained equipment. This state of equipment increases pollution and consumption of energy. In this paper, an attempt has been made to address the issue of undesirable and right outputs simultaneously in an Indian port system. This paper proposes a framework to ensure zero defects in Indian port operations and a port-sustainability-index to measure sustainable services in Indian ports.

The authors used data envelopment analysis (DEA) to show that all private terminals did not perform efficiently and contradicted the notion of Indian policymakers that privatization will lead to an increase in performance levels. A literature review was carried out to identify the dimensions and factors that affect ports' performance. A case study of a major port in India and expert group discussion was done to ascertain the views of stakeholders on deficiencies in the system. The authors complemented this approach with sentiment analysis of opinions expressed by stakeholders over a while, using SentiStrength analysis software (Thelwell, 2010, 2012). The authors used the combined findings to develop the port-sustainability-index (PSI), identify the research question, and develop an ontology of the port system. The authors use the concepts of ontology-design-pattern (ODP) and logistics-service-map (Glöckner et al., 2014; Glöckner and Ludwig, 2016, 2017), opinion mining (Pang and Lee, 2008) and competency questions (Glöckner and Ludwig, 2017) to develop a port system map followed by the identification of critical elements; and the flows (physical and information flow) that gets disrupted due to defects in the system. The ontology led to the identification of competencies and capabilities a port needs to possess. Based on these identification process competency questions were drawn, and the authors identified the plausible defects that port may encounter. The authors suggested the sustainability metrics for monitoring port performance and policy changes based on the competency questions, defects, and mitigation plans.

The authors introduced four KPIs, namely, port-sustainability-index (PSI), load factor (l_x and l_y), draft ratio (d_r), and turnaround-time ratio (TATR). The authors suggested significant policy changes for Indian ports. These included –(1) Introduction of virtual arrival (VA) policy, reducing randomness in the system by pre-scheduling arrivals and activities. (2) Redefining economic life of equipment and machinery in terms of expenditure, income and desired levels of output. (3) Pricing port charges based on stakeholders’ ability and willingness to pay. The port needs to declare its productivity levels and frame their charges accordingly. (4) The ports need to frame an output-oriented privatization policy where it specifies the growth of the port. (5) Framing vessel pricing policy where a vessel may pay tax for the use of non-clean fuel or a get discount for bringing higher parcel load. (6) Levy lower port charges for the shipper for transporting cargo by rail and barges. (7) Introduce a differential pricing system where port levies lower charges for export cargo compared to import load.

The research work can be extended to develop a simulation model to carry out policy experimentations concerning the improvement of performance and carry out sustainable operations. Alternatively, researchers may develop a multi-criteria optimization model to determine the best course of action, keeping the objective function as minimization of PSI value.

This paper provides the means to the Indian ports to remain competitive, lower emission levels and energy consumption, and optimize emission per ton of cargo handled in the port.

Society significantly benefits from this study as it recommends ways to minimize pollution that has a significant impact on human lives. Besides, the measures suggested in the paper will lower the cost of exports and imports, enhancing the real income of consumers.

The area of sustainable port operations has previously been under-researched in the Indian context. Authors contribute to the sustainable port operation literature by suggesting a port-sustainability-index, a framework to assess the defects in port operation and development of a port-ontology for further research in the area of a port system.

The ability to effectively engage in cross-cultural interactions is imperative for leaders in our increasingly globalized world. Those who possess certain key psychological resources are more likely to engage in cross-cultural interactions successfully. Psychological resources include cross-cultural hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism, which together comprise cross-cultural psychological capital (CC PsyCap). Previous research has indicated that CC PsyCap predicts cultural competence, yet the pathways underlying this relationship remain unexplored. We examined the relationships among CC PsyCap, engagement in cross-cultural interactions, stress during cross-cultural interactions, and cultural competence. The hypothesized relationships were tested using a sample of 135 undergraduate students (76% female) participating in study abroad programs. Participants completed measures of cultural competence, CC PsyCap, engagement, and stress approximately one month into their study abroad. Structural equation modeling analyses indicate that CC PsyCap and stress influence cultural competence directly and indirectly through engagement level during cross-cultural interactions. Furthermore, the results suggest that CC PsyCap indirectly influences engagement through stress during cross-cultural interactions. We discuss the implications of these results for people preparing to enter cross-cultural environments.

This paper explores the patterns of the current needs of users' social characteristics in post occupancy evaluation (POE) associated with the environmental performance of green buildings using systematic literature review (SLR). This paper aims to establish a conceptual nexus between environmental performance mandates and the current needs of the users' social characteristics.

This paper adopts a SLR approach designed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for 21 articles that were selected as qualitative synthesis in this study. The search parameter for the selected articles in this review was limited to publications in three databases, Scopus, Web of Science and Emerald, between January 2016 and January 2023, with the help of qualitative software ATLAS.ti 9© in the presentation of the network codes. The initial literature search has retrieved 99 papers which sequentially excluded 42 papers due to exclusion criteria, and the researcher was left with 57 papers. Out of 57, 14 papers were then removed due to duplication of records found in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, and 43 articles were further screened for qualitative synthesis. A thorough critical appraisal was applied to ensure that only selected papers were included, consensus was achieved among the authors and 22 papers were excluded. The qualitative synthesis has finalized 21 studies, and they are selected as confirmative findings.

Using network codes presentation of ATLAS.ti 9©, the result shows that the social characteristics are influenced by the evaluated building category and the users' category – the stakeholders (owners, designers) and the occupants. New-fangled elements in environmental performance mandates are legitimacy and accessibility. The users’ social characteristics are derived from the category of users, where the stakeholders (designers, owners) are relatively a novel benchmark in meeting the POE objectives towards environmental performance. The least attention on the users’ social characteristics based on the findings shows that image, experiential (conjoint), happiness, interactive behaviour, morale and values are depicted as the social current needs in the environmental performance using POE. However, all stakeholders and the building occupants’ social characteristics must have a confirmative relation to the performance mandates, especially for newly performance mandates elements: legitimacy and accessibility.

The research limits the literature search between the recent January 2016 and January 2023 in Scopus, Web of Science and Emerald databases. Limiting the year of publication to the recent years is important to select and rank relevant scientific papers which encompass the reviewed subject. Other limitations include the selection of papers focusing on the POE approach and environmental performance as the main subject of evaluation. Other evaluation purposes that are not related to environmental objectives are excluded in this study.

The characteristics of the social elements become a challenging subject in meeting the environmental performance needs as they lean more towards intangible elements. The novelty of the findings is drawn from the new pattern and current needs of users' social characteristics in POE for environmental performance.

Drawing on the person-environment fit theory, in this paper the authors aim to propose and test a moderated mediation model that examines the relationships among proactive personality and job performance, cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence.

The authors collected the multisource data from a total of 120 hotel service employees and the employees' immediate supervisors. The authors used the PROCESS, an SPSS macro, to conduct multiple regression analyses to test this moderated mediation model.

The results suggest that cultural intelligence mediates the relationship between proactive personality and job performance during cross-cultural service encounters. Furthermore, the indirect effect of proactive personality on job performance during cross-cultural service encounters via cultural intelligence is stronger for service employees who are high in emotional intelligence.

This study has several implications for hospitality management in terms of developing effective strategies to foster cultural and emotional intelligence of service employees and improve the employees' performance.

Considering the limited number of studies showing why, how and in which situations personality can enhance performance, this study contributes to the literature by revealing the effect of proactive personality on the performance of service employees through important constructs such as cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence.