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Fieldwork is one of the hallmarks of anthropology. Almost all students of anthropology have geographical and cultural specializations, ranging from a small group to a nation. Their interest areas are often identified or marked by real or putative boundaries; and it is within these boundaries that anthropologists have “founded” their own villages and tribes — “my village”, “my tribe.”

An IBM PC Library Users Group was organized during the two‐day Library Software Conference held in Columbus, OH, October 2–4. Initial goals of the group and an early schedule of activities were agreed upon by the conferees who met until 10:30 p.m. in a room crowded to capacity. The M300 and PC REPORT will serve as the group's communication forum as well as its initial administrative agent.

We study the relationship between underwriter prestige, family control, and IPO underpricing in an international setting. Data are collected for 5,789 firms that went public across twenty‐five countries between 1995 and 2002. We find that non‐penny‐stock and non‐U.S. IPOs from countries where firms are predominately family‐controlled benefit from associations with well‐known investment bankers; i.e., these firms are less underpriced than similar firms from countries with a low level of family control. At the same time, our findings support prior evidence that suggests that underwriter prestige is positively related to underpricing in the U.S. IPO market. Family‐controlled firms should consider the findings of this study, which identifies factors that are associated with more successful IPO outcomes.

Investigates urban bias in state policy making in Mexico. Refers to literature claiming that rural poverty in developing nations is a major problem because capitalism reflects an urban bias. Examines social security coverage for the rural poor in Mexico and notes that there are great variations depending on area, suggesting that social security coverage is politically negotiable. Outlines briefly the historical development of Mexico’s welfare state and uses a power resource model to demonstrate how groups with competing interests go about securing benefits from the state. Cites literature on dependency theory, indicating that rural groups have failed to mobilize politically and have therefore not secured the same state resources (such as social security benefits and housing) as urban groups, yet argues that this does not always apply in Mexico, partially due to party politics and bureaucratic paternalism. Explains how data was collected to examine regional variations in social security coverage among the rural poor and how the data was analysed. Reveal that workers in important international export markets (such as cotton and sugar) have greater political leverage in obtaining better social security benefits. Notes also that areas supporting the political party in power obtain better benefits. Concludes, therefore, that rural workers are not powerless in the face of urban capitalism and that urban bias and dependency theories do not reflect the situation in Mexico – rather social security benefits are politically negotiable.

Debates why and how some practices become universal – taking as a case in point closed‐chest massage (CCCM). Points out that CCCM was recognized in 1960 and its use generated heated debates, which altered the technique and reshuffled existing infrastructures. Claims that debates act as a catalyst for university. Investigates the emergence of CCCM, the debate on the merits (or otherwise) of closed versus open‐chested cardiac massage, and who could use the method of CCCM. Indicates that CCCM only became universally practised when it was incorporated into the infrastructure for dealing with emergency cases, and thus became taken for granted.

Les mutations importantes observées depuis une quinzaine d'années dans tous les domaines de la vie se reflètent dans le tourisme, ses services et ses produits. De nouvelles formes de vacances, de voyages et de loisirs émergent et prennent le pas sur les types les plus classiques. Face à cette montée de nouvelles conceptions, dont le tourisme alternatif est devenu le symbole le plus évident, se font entendre ceux qui estiment qu'il ne faut plus considérer le patrimoine de manière élitiste, qu'il existe de nouvelles formes de patrimoine à protéger, mettre en valeur et montrer aux touristes et aux populations.

This paper summarises three empirical studies investigating staff attitudes towards client sexuality, with special consideration of issues surrounding HIV infection. A questionnaire survey design was employed, with 585 participants completing three separate questionnaires. Between 1990 and 1998 staff attitudes towards client sexuality became more positive, with a significant reduction in the number of staff agreeing with mandatory HIV testing over the three studies. In the final study, a significant number of staff Reported being unaware of, or uninfluenced by, organisational sexuality policy. The interaction between policy, staff beliefs and practice is discussed. When staff are aware of the policies on sexuality, their beliefs and attitudes appear to filter these policies, with staff behaviour influenced by an interaction between policies and beliefs. In conclusion, policy development needs to involve inter‐agency collaboration, as well as staff and client user input, for best practice in sexuality.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic characteristics of a spiral groove liquid film seal considering the effect of cavitation.

A mathematical model of a spiral groove liquid film seal was established based on the mass-conserving Jakobsson–Floberg–Olsson cavitation boundary condition. The film rupture and film reformation boundaries were assumed to be unchanged under infinitesimal perturbation conditions. Governing equations under steady and perturbed states were solved by the finite element method, and then the dynamic characteristics of the spiral groove liquid film seal were theoretically investigated considering the effect of cavitation.

The results indicate that dynamic coefficients considering cavitation are smaller than those neglecting cavitation. The difference value is consistent with the change in cavitation area. The liquid film seal does not suffer axial instability whether considering cavitation, but its angular instability is more likely to occur when cavitation is considered.

For liquid lubricated non-contacting mechanical seals, the dynamic characteristics considering cavitation are investigated. The results are expected to provide a theoretical basis for improving the design method of liquid film seals.

The purpose of this paper is to properly plan the preventive maintenance schedule for multiple elevators and optimize the number of maintenance workers.The total amount of the maintenance cost consisting of the labor cost, the part cost, and the quality cost (the loss evaluated in terms of cost, to be incurred when an elevator breaks down) is to be minimized.The method is presented of setting up the optimal preventive maintenance schedule on a long‐term basis by rescheduling the contents of schedule dynamically and flexibly in accordance with the ever‐changing maintenance conditions, taking the possibility of the future occurrence of failure into consideration. From numerical experiments, the validity of the proposal procedure for planning the preventive maintenance schedule and the effectiveness of considering the possibility of the future occurrence of failure in planning the schedule are shown, and the optimal number of maintenance workers can be decided.

Tests the reliability of an empirical model designed by Szapocznik et al to measure acculturation levels of first‐generation immigrants. Applies model to a demographically diverse sample group of first‐generation Asian‐Indian immigrants in three cities near New York (USA) to establish levels of cultural and behavioural acculturation, and the relevance of demographic variables, such as gender, marital status, religion and occupation. Establishes a series of statistically significant correlations between the variables examined; compares these results with findings of other studies involving different immigrant groups. Asserts that the model provides a reliable basis for assessing acculturation characteristics of immigrants; concludes that the findings of this study provide an objective basis for the development of social and public policy aimed at accommodating acculturation needs of this particular immigrant group.