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Looks at the major differences between food manufacture and domestic cooking. In the home, food is generally prepared immediately prior to consumption, whereas manufactured foods may need a long shelf‐life. This has great implications for the selection of ingredients and of processing and packaging techniques (and, especially, for food safety). Decisions that must be made in the selection of food ingredients and processing techniques are, in principle, much the same as those that are required in other areas of design technology. Food design and production requires a holistic approach, which can only be achieved with a good understanding of the product, the process and the packaging and how these affect one another.

Whilst it is generally agreed that the key determinant of the current money wage inflation is anticipated increases in prices, there remains a significant role for excess demand variables. Many of the studies on inflation which have appeared following the original expositions of the Phillips curve relationship have been concerned with producing efficient measures of excess demand variables. In the basic model developed by Phillips and Lipsey, the key determining variable of the rate of growth of money wages was taken to be the percentage rate of unemployment in the labour force. However, several recent contributors to the literature on this type of relationship have challenged the efficiency of the level of unemployment as a measure of excess demand for labour and specifically they have produced evidence which contradicts the central assumption of stability between unemployment and aggregate excess demand. In the U.K. it has been observed how since the end of 1966, Phillips type relationships between levels of unemployment and the rate of change of money wages appear to have broken down and apparent ‘discontinuities’ in the aggregate unemployment series have been noted. All these findings taken together with some earlier U.S. studies which found poor relationships between changes in wages and unemployment levels (see, for example, the discussion in) have concentrated attention on the search for superior measures of excess demand.

This paper argues that simpler techniques explaining visual symbols (the referents) such as illustrations, annotation of texts with commentaries, explanations, word meanings, maps and pictures are not sufficient for conveying the message in culturally displaced (i.e. foreign language) texts. The definition of technology in relation to the teaching of literature would go beyond the machine‐tool definition and into the hermeneutic sciences, which say that the message of the literary text lies above the lexical and syntactic levels in the creative unconscious of the gifted individuals. The transfer of the message has not been successfully achieved even with the combination of different media. Literary texts create an overall impression with the help of pieces of information, and hypertext seems to promise a medium for providing explanations which would help convey the ‘essence’ of the texts.

This study attempts to provide a systematic theoretical analysis of the portfolio selection approach to the determination of inter‐regional and international capital flows, and to identify the implications of this analysis for the appropriate specification of short‐run econometric models of the foreign exchange market.

This chapter argues that the dead are stakeholders and that they should be regarded as such. In making that argument I will be exploring the claims of the philosopher Bob Brecher (2002) that we have real obligations to the dead because they made us what we are, if they were a part of our community. Indeed, Brecher (2002) argues that the dead never ceased ‘to be members of a particular community’ and therefore ‘the dead can be said to have interests’. This chapter explores the validity of their interests as stakeholders. Indeed, I argue that if they are not regarded as stakeholders, corporate management will overlook their interests. Admittedly, corporate managers might seem mindful of their interests. However, if they are not conceived of as stakeholders, such managers will not be primarily concerned with their interests, but with how other stakeholders might perceive those interests. In attempting to satisfy these other stakeholders’ perceptions of those interests, the actual interests of the dead could be overlooked. But that relies on the dead being legitimate stakeholders. To substantiate that status I therefore argue in this chapter that the dead are stakeholders, but also that their status as a stakeholder now that they are dead is dependent on their behaviour when they were alive, given Brecher's (2002) insistence as to them being a part of that community.

In arguing this, I utilize a recent article by Rosenbloom and Althaus (2010). I argue that the interest of the dead they mention in their article would best be served if they are considered as stakeholders. Indeed, that because Rosenbloom and Althaus (2010) do not consider those dead as stakeholders, their interests are never considered. I acknowledge though that being stakeholders relies on them remaining a part of that community (Brecher, 2002), which I argue they were a part of. If they do not remain a part of that community, I cannot argue that they are stakeholders. I therefore consider a historical argument which if accepted would prove that the dead which Rosenbloom and Althaus (2010) consider had not remained a part of that community and therefore cannot be accepted as stakeholders. This chapter rigorously examines the validity of that historical argument as to the behaviour of those dead when they were living, and whether their behaviour negates any claims as to them being stakeholders. This chapter completely refutes any arguments as to these dead being involved in such activities which would have removed them from their community and thus from being stakeholders. It furthermore argues that successfully rebutting such arguments is essential to my argument that the dead I am considering are stakeholders.

This paper seeks to explain the jury’s verdict of acquittal in the bizarre case of eccentric millionaire Robert Durst, who was charged with the murder of Morris Black after Black’s body parts were found floating in Galveston Bay off the coast of Texas. Though an analysis of a portion of the defense’ closing argument, this paper examines the Durst defense team’s strategy of directing the jury’s attention to a single event – the confrontation that resulted in Black’s death – in order to effect a shift in focus that allowed them to use “reasonable doubt” to leverage their argument that the prosecution had not met its burden of proof. This paper demonstrates how this strategy acted to construct the “unreasonable doubt” that resulted in the jury’s verdict.