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Research on whistle-blowing has focused on the questions of who blows the whistle, who experiences retaliation, and who is effective in stopping wrongdoing. In this article, we review research pertinent to the first of these questions. Since the last known review (Near & Miceli, 1996), there have been important theoretical and, to a lesser extent, empirical developments. In addition, the U.S. law is changing dramatically, which may serve to promote valid whistle-blowing, and international interest in whistle-blowing is widespread and increasing. Unfortunately, evidence strongly suggests that media, popular, and regulatory interest is far outpacing the growth of careful scholarly inquiry into the topic, which is a disturbing trend. Here, we argue that the primary causes of the underdevelopment of the empirical literature are methodological, and that workable solutions are needed but very difficult to implement. By calling attention to these issues, we hope to help encourage more research on whistle-blowing.

The various forms of retribution that whistle blowers endure, at the hands of their employers, both financially and psychologically for having attempted to correct mismanagement, fraud, and dishonesty are often times too much for the whistle blower to bear (Glazer and Glazer, 1986, August). Careers are put into jeopardy because individuals with strong ethics decide to pursue lawsuits against their employer. For instance, US Forest Service employees have found their careers ruined through either demotions or loss of job when caught speaking out in favour of the environment or sound science, or when simply obeying the law (Schneider, 1991, July/August).

ALTITUDE supercharging of aeroplane engines by means of turbo‐blowers driven by exhaust‐gas turbines differs from ordinary charging of internal combustion engines because the process is much more accentuated. Whilst the output of stationary engines can be increased by 50 per cent, that of rail‐car engines by 80 per cent, by supercharging, an aeroplane engine, to give its full output at 12,000 m. altitude, has to be supercharged so as to give four times its output without supercharging. Thus altitude supercharging offers certain peculiarities.

Turkey is required by the international and EU instruments and domestic law to address the issue of whistle-blowing and the protection of whistle-blowers. The purpose of this paper is to analyse Turkish legislation which is applicable to work-related whistle-blowing, the conflict between the worker’s right to “blow the whistle” and the obligation to loyalty and confidentiality. The consequences of groundless or deliberate false disclosures are considered. Comparisons are made with international conventions, the COE Recommendation CM/Rec(2014)7 and the Proposed EU Directive on the Protection of Whistleblowers and ECtHR precedents.

In the first part, this paper reviews the definition of whistle-blowing and whistle-blower. The second part outlines the impact of international and EU Law on Turkish legislation. The third part reviews the Turkish legal framework applicable to whistle-blowing.

Whistle-blowing in the public interest is suggested as a tool to combat corruption worldwide. There is no doubt that some whistle-blowers have been beneficial to society. However without democratic structures to take into account the assessment of the quality of the information, the type of the disclosure and the category of the reporting person, there are downsides to excessive whistle-blowing. Therefore, whistle-blowing should be discussed in the context of democratic societies, and a balanced approach should be adopted to ensure the position of not only whistle-blowers but also the people affected by the reports.

The paper offers new insights into the limits of work-related whistle-blowing within the context of freedom of expression and the right of employees and public officials to petition. The protection of whistle-blowers and the consequences of groundless or deliberate false disclosures under Turkish Law from a comparative perspective are considered.

The purpose of this paper is to offer a theoretical framework of whistleblowing that gives due recognition to the emotional and reflexive processes that underpin it. Modes of anger are integrated into the model based on a reading of Geddes and Callister (2007), and developed by Lindebaum and Geddes (2016) work on moral anger.

The model is derived by interrogation of the extant literature on whistleblowing with due recognition accorded to emotional and reflexive dimensions that have been underrepresented in previous research. The model was tested by a qualitative study that uses memoir analysis to interrogate a board level whistle-blower’s account of the complex, traumatic and like-changing nature of his experience.

The paper identifies key stages in whistle-blower thinking before, during and subsequent to a decision to expose corporate wrongdoing. It demonstrates how emotional and reflexive processes influence a whistle-blower’s mode of anger expression, and how different perspectives by the whistle-blower and the focal organisation may view this expression as moral or deviant anger.

The complexity of the whistleblowing process, together with possible alternative perspectives of it, makes identifying every influencing variable extremely challenging. Also, reliance on a whistle-blower’s own account of his experience means that recall may be partial or self-serving. The model can be used to analyse other whistle-blower accounts of their experience, and further confirm its applicability.

This is the first application of memoir analysis to a whistle-blower’s account of his experience that relates modes of anger expression to stages in the whistleblowing episode. It addresses a significant imbalance in whistleblowing research that hitherto has emphasised rationality in whistle-blower decision making and downplayed the influence of reflexivity and emotion.

AS air is a compressible fluid, a decrease of pressure occurs with increase of altitude (FIG. 1.) This change gives rise to anoxia or altitude sickness (due to lack of oxygen), expansion of the gas in ear or abdomen and ‘bends’ or decompression sickness. For these reasons (and also because of the low temperature and humidity) it is necessary to protect passengers intending to fly at high altitudes by placing them in a special cabin in which a suitable pressurized atmosphere can be maintained.

REFRIGERATION in aeroplanes does not, so far, involve the use of any techniques which have not already been established and used in other fields. These techniques must be considerably extended, however, and the features which distinguish this branch of refrigeration from others are that:

This paper aims to focus on the effect of the operating condition such as the impeller speed on the centrifugal fan performance and flow characteristics. The ability to predict the behavior of the airflow motion in a centrifugal blower is essential for obtaining the topology optimization design.

A physical model of the air blower consisting of these main parts in a blower system: collector, impeller, outlet flange and volute casing, and the appropriate boundary conditions are set up by ANSYS software. Computation fluid dynamics are performed for the numerical analysis. The calculation of blower performance parameters such as total pressure, efficiency and flow rate is based on the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations and k-εturbulence flow model.

The numerical results show that the change in operating conditions has a significant effect on the blower performance, and the pressure maintained inside the blower is higher for a larger impeller rotational speed.

This work is original and has not yet been submitted to elsewhere or published previously.

Whistle‐blowing is the act of speaking out about wrongdoing in the workplace. Adults with learning disabilities are particularly vulnerable to abuse, and care staff play an important role in witnessing and reporting such abuse. This paper explores the experience of whistle‐blowing on abuse in social care settings and looks at how whistle‐blowing can help to protect people with learning disabilities from abuse.

The purpose of this paper is to deal with an important element of the whistle-blowing decision, the whistle-blower. It is set within the environment of the small Mediterranean island of Malta. It has two objectives. The first is to identify the more important personality traits of the potential Maltese accountant whistle-blower and the situational factors that mostly affect his/her whistle-blowing decision. The second objective is to develop a regression model that can be used to identify the potential Maltese accountant whistle-blower.

The study is in the form of two e-mail questionnaires sent to Maltese accounting practitioners.

The personality traits of conscientiousness, openness to experience and extraversion and the situational factors of ethical considerations and professional requirements were found to be the more significant. The regression model proved substantially correct in singling out the potential Maltese accountant whistle-blower.

The results are based on the replies of respondents to two questionnaires and not actual whistle-blowing behaviour. Also, the propensity to be a whistle-blower or not may not be a constant since it can be affected by shifts in internal attributes and situational factors.

Besides academic qualifications, the personality of the individual and his/her potential reaction to the working environment should be given due consideration in the recruitment of accounting staff.

The research contributes to the literature on the accountant whistle-blower in a small country setting that is rarely the subject of study.