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In the production processes of electronic devices, production activities are interrupted due to the problems caused by soldering defects during the assembly of surface-mounted elements on printed circuit boards (PCBs), and this leads to an increase in production costs. In solder paste applications, defects that may occur in electronic cards are usually noticed at the last stage of the production process. This situation reduces the efficiency of production and causes delays in the delivery schedule of critical systems. This study aims to overcome these problems, optimization based deep learning model has been proposed by using 2D signal processing methods.

An optimization-based deep learning model is proposed by using image-processing techniques to detect solder paste defects on PCBs with high performance at an early stage. Convolutional neural network, one of the deep learning methods, is trained using the data set obtained for this study, and pad regions on PCB are classified.

A total of six types of classes used in the study consist of uncorrectable soldering, missing soldering, excess soldering, short circuit, undefined object and correct soldering, which are frequently used in the literature. The validity of the model has been tested on the data set consisting of 648 test data.

The effect of image processing and optimization methods on model performance is examined. With the help of the proposed model, defective solder paste areas on PCBs are detected, and these regions are visualized by taking them into a frame.

Before the industrial revolution, the working child was ‘an auxiliary or unseen actor in the labour market,’ but after the industrial revolution, the child became a ‘required and visible worker.’ The former criterion is still the case in many countries including developed countries. In Turkey ‘having child labour in small-scale workplaces with less than three employees and agricultural areas with less than 50 employees is not prohibited’. This makes the situation prone to the exploitation of child labour in these areas. In this country, one out of every two working children is in the agricultural field, and one out of every six children is in the industrial field. The causes of child labour in Turkey are described as poverty, inability to benefit from/access educational services, migration from rural to urban areas, unemployment of adult family members, a tradition, shortcomings and ineffective implementation of the legislation, and employers' demand and irregular migration. The results include mental, physical and spiritual problems. In this context, protecting children, the most sensitive and vulnerable individuals of the society, from the consequences of risky working environments should be an important and primary goal of the whole world.

Poverty has been an important social problem from the beginning of humanity and will be till the end of the world. But the rapid change in technology took away the capability of human effort to cover his necessities alone. The people must improve their education, talent and capacity continuously. In this respect, today's globalizing poverty is more concrete and a difficult problem to solve than ever.