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1 – 2 of 2Mark Taylor, Hulya Francis, John Fielding and Emma Dean
The study aims to apply catastrophe theory to the analysis of accidental dwelling fire injuries in terms of age band, gender and contributory factors in order to inform fire…
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to apply catastrophe theory to the analysis of accidental dwelling fire injuries in terms of age band, gender and contributory factors in order to inform fire prevention activities.
Design/methodology/approach
The study employed a case study in a UK Fire and Rescue service concerning analysis of the circumstances of accidental dwelling fire injuries, and the characteristics and behaviours associated with utilising frequency analysis, percentages, ratios and catastrophe theory modelling.
Findings
Overall, males were more likely to be injured in an accidental dwelling fire compared to females by a ratio of 1.68 to 1, and those in the age band 50–64 appeared to be at maximum risk. A total of 15.4% of the accidental dwelling fire injuries involved consumption of alcohol or drugs, and 5.9% involved falling asleep.
Research limitations/implications
The circumstances of accidental dwelling fire injury can be analysed to identify patterns concerning when a catastrophic change relating to ordinary use of domestic objects results in an accidental dwelling fire injury.
Practical implications
A catastrophe theory view can aid the understanding of how ordinary use of domestic objects results in an accidental dwelling fire injury.
Social implications
Since fire injuries have both a social and economic cost, understanding how such fire injuries occur can aid fire prevention through appropriately targeted fire prevention activities.
Originality/value
The study made use of a catastrophe theory view to analyse the circumstances under which accidental dwelling fire injuries occurred using fire injury data from a UK fire and rescue service.
Details
Keywords
Shan Gao, Bin Wang, Xinjie Yao and Quan Yuan
This paper aims to characterize the surface film formed on Alloys 800 and 690 in chloride and thiosulfate-containing solution at 300°C.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to characterize the surface film formed on Alloys 800 and 690 in chloride and thiosulfate-containing solution at 300°C.
Design/methodology/approach
Alloy 800 and 690 were immersed in chloride and thiosulfate-containing solution at 300°C up to five days, and then the surface film was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometers (EDX).
Findings
Through static immersion experiments in a high-temperature and high-pressure water environment, the alloy samples covered by surface film after five days of immersion were obtained. The morphology of the surface film was characterized at both horizontal and cross-sectional scales using SEM and focused ion beam-TEM techniques. It was observed that due to the influence of the quartz lining, the surface film primarily exhibited a bilayered structure. The first layer contained a significant amount of SiO2, with a higher content of metal hydroxides compared to metal oxides. The second layer was predominantly composed of Fe, Ni and Cr, with a higher content of metal oxides compared to metal hydroxides.
Originality/value
The results showed that the materials of the lining of the autoclave could significantly influence the film composition of the tested material, which should be paid attention when analyzing the corrosion mechanism at high temperature.