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The concept of touristic space is continually evolving, due to the advent of new technologies. Today, physical space and virtual space are interwoven, creating a phenomenon that can be described using the term ‘phygital’. The perception of touristic space as well as the interaction with it has been altered by phygital appearances and changing travel behaviour. While interaction with the touristic space previously only occupied a physical dimension, virtual information now enriches all stages of the customer journey (CJ). Hence, this chapter deals with new technologies, analysing their impact on the perception of touristic space for the traveller throughout the whole CJ. Thereby Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality are cited as examples of state-of-the-art technologies, which wield a direct perceptional impact, as they have the power to blend together one’s perception of real and virtual space.

Augmented reality (AR), which is a variation of virtual reality, is a technology that can appeal to a number of senses with its sound, video, image or touch sense features, take the information created by computers or digital environments and adapt it to the real environment, thus allowing the user to see and explore the real world. Although AR technology has the potential to be used to develop all senses in general, it is widely used today. AR, which is the subject of many scientific research, is turning into a subject that is especially curious and excited by the tourism sector and that consumers are very interested in. In particular, within the scope of examining consumer behaviours and searching for solutions, businesses have started to benefit from AR technologies in order to respond to the demands of consumers who spend the majority of their time with technology and to offer different, unforgettable and unique experiences. Moreover, promotional activities are very important in terms of preferability among competing destinations. At this point, the effect of AR on the persuasion efforts carried out within the marketing process for all kinds of messages and destinations conveyed to consumers cannot be denied. Therefore, AR technologies constitute one of the most effective steps in facilitating consumers' travel, creating a rich experience, speeding up their decision-making processes, enabling them to revisit the destination and increasing their satisfaction. In this chapter, what AR is, why it has an important place in destinations and marketing and the use of AR in destinations, hotels, cafes, bars and restaurants, and finally in recreation areas, are discussed.

The overall goal of science is to build a valid and reliable body of knowledge about the functioning of the world and how applying that knowledge can change it. As personnel and human resources management researchers, we aim to contribute to the respective bodies of knowledge to provide both employers and employees with a workable foundation to help with those problems they are confronted with. However, what research on research has consistently demonstrated is that the scientific endeavor possesses existential issues including a substantial lack of (a) solid theory, (b) replicability, (c) reproducibility, (d) proper and generalizable samples, (e) sufficient quality control (i.e., peer review), (f) robust and trustworthy statistical results, (g) availability of research, and (h) sufficient practical implications. In this chapter, we first sing a song of sorrow regarding the current state of the social sciences in general and personnel and human resources management specifically. Then, we investigate potential grievances that might have led to it (i.e., questionable research practices, misplaced incentives), only to end with a verse of hope by outlining an avenue for betterment (i.e., open science and policy changes at multiple levels).

In this chapter it is argued that when the Austrian revival takes place in the 1970s and 1980s the image of economics as an analytical science which can be methodologically kept clean from value judgments, and the economist as a pure truth-seeker shapes modern Austrian economics at the expense of an idea of a socially involved, embedded scholar with a responsibility toward society which was characteristic of the pre-WWII Austrian school. The neglect of that part of the Austrian heritage is important not only for how we understand the role and responsibility of the social scientist but also because it alters what we consider to be relevant and valid economic knowledge. The chapter demonstrates that insight into economic processes was excluded from what was considered valid economic knowledge and how social relevance of knowledge was no longer a goal in the postwar Austrian School. The chapter identifies alternative currents in the modern Austrian school to this general trend and suggests ways forward to think about the appropriate institutions to promote relevance and the moral conduct of (Austrian) economics.