ACCS. See Acute common care system (ACCS)

ACPSM. See Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine (ACPSM)

Activity-limiting pain

, 182–183

Acute common care system (ACCS)

, 27–28

Adversity, voice and perspective through

, 114–115

Agar v Canning (1965)

, 147–153

Age

, 129

Alves, Dani

, 124

American football

, 95–96

American Medical Association

, 94

Amplified risk-taking

, 9–10

Amputations, trauma-related

, 76–77

Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine (ACPSM)

, 28

Athletes

autobiographies, elite

, 110–112

committed controlled

, 113–114

empowered, in transition

, 116–117

gender identities

, 127–128

intactness of

, 124–125

long-term membership

, 9–10

responses to brain injury

, 97

soul-nourishing in

, 131–132

suicides of professional

, 11–12

Athletes, female

and disordered eating

, 107–108

elite

, 107–108

injury

, 96

Athletic State Commissions

, 170

Attitudes

eating

, 106

hyper-masculine

, 127–128

negative

, 130–131

Australian (Rules) Football League (AFL)

, 92

Australian swimming culture

, 108

Autobiography

, 106–107

elite athlete

, 110–112

Autoethnography

, 57

Autonomy

clinician

, 32–33

over body, lack of

, 183–184

Bannister, Roger

, 24

BASEM. See British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine (BASEM)

Basketball, midnight

, 128–129

BASM. See British Association of Sports Medicine (BASM)

Beard, Amanda

, 112–114, 117–118

Behaviors

eating

, 106

risk-taking

, 180–181

rule-violating

, 155–156

Biomedical model

, 134–135

Bleeding, self-inflicted

, 173

Body acceptance, fluidity of

, 116

Body-related surveillance

, 114

Bourdieu’s theory

, 124

Boxing and Wrestling Commission

, 172–173

Boxing and Wrestling Commissioner Chairman (BWCC)

, 174

Brain injury

, 101

athlete responses to

, 97

committee, mild traumatic

, 94

Brain shaking, velocity

, 90

Brain trauma

, 10

British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine (BASEM)

, 27–28

British Association of Sports Medicine (BASM)

, 27–28

The British Journal of Sports Medicine (1966)

, 27–28

British Olympic sport

, 32–33

Brown, Michael

, 12

Canadian case law

, 154, 156–158

Canadian ice hockey, civil law claims in

, 148–151

Canadian tort law, claims and defences under

, 147

Career assistance programs

, 188

Carlos, John

, 12

Case law shows

, 147–155

CDA. See Critical discourse analysis (CDA)

Celebration of styles of reckless

, 9–10

Center for Disease Control and Prevention

, 91–92

Champagne v Cummings

, 153–154

Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (CSP)

, 28

Chicago parkour community

, 48

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

, 90, 91, 94, 99–100, 101, 168–169

CISG. See Concussion in Sport Guidelines (CISG)

Civil law claims, in Canadian ice hockey

, 148–151

Clinicians

autonomy

, 32–33

of Olympic sports

, 30–31

sports medicine, legitimacy of

, 32–33

Committed controlled athlete

, 113–114

Community-based sports program, India

, 129

Concussion

, 90

concerns, history

, 93–96

in context

, 91–96

feature of

, 91, 97–98

incidence of

, 91–92

issues of

, 96

medical treatment of

, 98

social issue of

, 91

social relations of

, 90

sociological analysis of

, 96–97

Concussion in Sport Guidelines (CISG)

, 31

Confidentiality

, 31

in sports contexts

, 31–32

Consent

, 155

defence of

, 155–156

express

, 155–156

Conspiratorial alliances

, 26

Constructionism, social

, 106

Continuing professional development (CPD) criteria

, 25

Controlled athlete, committed

, 113–114

Co-presence, in research

, 135

Cost-benefit risk analysis

, 98–99

Critical discourse analysis (CDA)

, 106–107, 108–110, 117

CTE. See Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

Cultural factors

, 186–187

Cultural influences

, 106

Culture

physical

, 121–122, 129–130

of risk

, 25–26

Debilitating cognitive impairments

, 90

Defences

based on volenti non fit injuria

, 155–157

of consent

, 155–156

Dementia

, 90, 94

Deregulation, professional wrestling

, 170–171

Dichotomy, hegemonic/subordinate

, 185–186

Disability

intellectual

, 130–131

mental health and

, 129–131

social relational model of

, 75–76

studies

, 76–78

Discipline

, 42

Discourse

medical

, 106

overarching

, 110

performance

, 112–113

of personal growth

, 114–115

psychological

, 106

stories of struggle in

, 110–117

Discursive psychology (DP)

, 108–110

Disordered eating

, 106–107, 113–114

female athletes and

, 107–108

Dominant ideology, of race and ethnicity

, 127

DP. See Discursive psychology (DP)

Drinking, excessive

, 10–11

‘Dr No’

, 94

Drug, illegal

, 10–11

Dunn v University of Ottawa (1995)

, 153–154

Eating

attitudes and behaviors

, 106

disorder

, 106

Economic deterministic interpretations

, 92–93

Elite athlete autobiographies

, 110–112

Embodied identities

, 75–76

Emergence of medical services, in high-performance sport

, 25–27

Emotional turning points

, 115

Empowered athlete, in transition

, 116–117

Enculturation

, 6–7

Endurance sport pain

, 58–60

Epistemological uncertainty

, 98

Ethical infringements

, 31–32

Ethnicity, race and

, 127

Ethnographer

, 41

Excessive drinking

, 10–11

Exercise medicine

, 13–14, 29–33

in UK

, 27–29

Express consent

, 155–156

Face-to-face interactions

, 26

Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine (FSEM)

, 27–28

Female athletes

and disordered eating

, 107–108

elite

, 107–108

injury

, 96

Feminist disability studies

, 77

Feminized food rules

, 107–108

FIFA World Cup (2017)

, 128–129

Figurational sociologists

, 9

Flipside Academy

, 40, 45

Fluidity of body acceptance

, 116

Food control

, 113–114

Football, American

, 95–96

Gender

identities, athletes

, 127–128

sexuality and

, 127–128

Greyhound racing

, 133

Guttman, Ludwig

, 73

Hazardous styles of play

, 7

Health-related metrics

, 187–188

Hegemonic masculinity

, 127–128

Hegemonic/subordinate dichotomy

, 185–186

Hegemony of neoliberalism

, 44–45

‘Hidden’ concept of suffering in sport

, 126–132

High-performance body

, 184–185

High-performance sport, emergence of medical services in

, 25–27

Hippocratic Oath

, 31–32

Home Countries Institutes of Sport (HCIS)

, 28

Homeless World Cup Foundation

, 128–129

Howe, David

, 74–75

Human suffering, in sport triangle

, 122–126

Hyper-masculine attitudes

, 127–128

IABSEM. See Intercollegiate Academic Board of Sport and Exercise Medicine (IABSEM)

Ice hockey

, 142–143, 146

civil law claims in Canadian

, 148–151

Identity

, 185–186

gender

, 127–128

racial

, 125–126

Ideological suffering

, 124

Illegal drug

, 10–11

Ill-fitting equipment

, 80–81

Inequality, social

, 132

Infringements, ethical

, 31–32

Ingold

, 132–136

In-house internal disciplinary measures

, 144

In-house punishment

, 144

Injury-causing act

, 156, 158

Injury surveillance, medicalization of

, 94–95

Intactness of athlete

, 124–125

Intellectual disability

, 130–131

Intentional torts

, 144–145

Intercollegiate Academic Board of Sport and Exercise Medicine (IABSEM)

, 27–28

International Paralympic Committee (IPC)

, 75, 83

Classification Code

, 72, 75

Interpersonal learning

, 6–7

Interpretive repertoires

, 110

IPC. See International Paralympic Committee (IPC)

Irish amateur rugby players

, 97, 99–100

Ironman Triathlon World Championship (Hawaii)

, 56–57, 58–60

community of pain

, 66–68

exploration, purpose, and education of pain at (1981-1984)

, 60–63

Ironman course

, 61–63

media, finance, and family (1985-1989)

, 63–64

pain of identity, experience, expression, and sustainability (1990-1995)

, 65–66

Irritability

, 97

Jones, Leisel

, 111–114, 117–118

Joshua, Anthony

, 24

Kinesiologists

, 13–14

Klitschko, Wladimir

, 24

Kumaritashvili, Nodar

death

, 7–8

sociological autopsy on

, 8

Legal liability

, 152, 155–156

Legal principles

, 142

Legitimation of risk

, 25–26

Leighton v Best (2015)

, 153–154

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning

(LGTBQ)

, 127–128

Levita v Crew

, 156–157

Liability

, 155–156

actions

, 142

in contact sport

, 153

defeat

, 156–157, 158

legal

, 152, 155–156

tort

, 142, 144, 147, 152

Life threatening condition

, 125–126

Martin, Trayvon

, 12

Martland

, 93–94

‘punch drunk’ diagnosis

, 93

Masculinity

, 6–7

hegemonic

, 127–128

issues of

, 96

to risk-taking

, 6–7

Media

coverage

, 100–101

discourse

, 99–100

portrayal of key concussion-related incidents

, 100

‘Medical classification’ system

, 74–75

Medical discourses

, 106

Medical facilities, paralympic games in

, 73

Medicalization, of injury surveillance

, 94–95

Medical treatment, of concussion

, 98

Medicine, exercise

, 13–14, 29–33

in UK

, 27–29

Mental health and disability

, 129–131

Mental illness, risk of

, 12–13

Michaud v Tardif

, 156–157

Midnight basketball

, 12–13, 128–129

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Committee

, 92, 94

Mixed martial arts (MMA) community

, 122–123, 124–125

Mood swings

, 97

Munich Olympics

, 61

Muscle soreness

, 179–180

Narrative inquiry

, 107

National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM)

, 28–29

National Paralympic Committees

, 73–74

Nature-based sports

, 131–132

NCAA ice hockey

, 91–92

NCSEM. See National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM)

Negative attitudes

, 130–131

Negligence

, 142, 145

ice hockey

, 146

liability based on

, 153

reasonable person test in

, 146–147

unintentional tort of

, 146

Negotiated risk

, 44

Neoliberalism, hegemony of

, 44–45

Neoliberal times, accounting for peril in

, 43–44

NFL

, 94

mild traumatic brain injury committee

, 94

players

, 92, 100–101

pre-eminence of

, 95

Nixon, Howard L.

, 26

Non-participation, risk of

, 13–14

Non-traumatic injury

, 121–122

Olympic Games, in Mexico (1968)

, 12

Olympic sports, clinicians of

, 30–31

Overarching discourses

, 110

Over body, lack of autonomy

, 183–184

Pain depersonalization

, 94–95

Pain neutralization

, 94–95

Paralympic competition

, 72

Paralympic games, in medical facilities

, 73

Paralympic identities

disability studies, risk-taking and

, 76–78

Paralympic Military Program (PMP)

, 74

Paralympic Movement

, 72, 74–75, 76, 80, 84

Paralympic pathways, beginning and ending sport careers

, 78–82

Paralympic sport

, 72

injured and classifying impairment in

, 72–76

Para-sport athletes

, 130

Parkour

, 41, 42

pop-culture sensationalism of

, 40

risk and safety in

, 45–49

Participant liability

, 154

actions

, 142

PCS. See Physical Cultural Studies (PCS)

Performance discourse

, 112–113

Performance narratives

, 187

Performance sports

, 9

Personal growth, discourse of

, 114–115

Phenomenology

, 67, 68

Physical Cultural Studies (PCS)

, 122–123, 126–127

Physical culture

, 121–122, 129–130

capital

, 14

Physical literacy

, 13–14

Physiotherapists

, 32–33

Physiotherapy

, 28

Plastic eating

, 32–33

Play, hazardous styles of

, 7

Pleasurable risk

, 14

PMP. See Paralympic Military Program (PMP)

Pop-culture sensationalism of parkour

, 40

Popularism of pain

, 56–57, 59–60, 63, 65, 66–67, 68–69

Positive deviance

, 25–26

Post-injury consequences

, 97

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

, 124, 132–133

PPC. See Public Protection Cabinet (PPC)

Professional athletes, suicides of

, 11–12

Professional wrestling

, 164–166

increasingly painful, injurious and harmful business of

, 167–170

regulating and deregulating

, 170–171

researching the regulation of

, 171–173

short and contemporary history of (1982-2018)

, 166–167

work-related harms of

, 164

Provincial interpretation

, 142

Psycho-educational opportunity

, 189–190

Psychological discourses

, 106

Psychology, discursive

, 108–110

Psycho-social approach

, 107

PTSD. See Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Public Protection Cabinet (PPC)

, 174

‘Punch drunk’ diagnosis

, 93

Race and ethnicity

, 127

Racial identity

, 125–126

Racing, greyhound

, 133

Rationalization of sport

, 27–29

Rationalized model of sport, limits of implementing

, 29–33

Rationalized policy, enactment of

, 31–32

Recklessness

, 155

Red Tape reduction

, 174

Red Tape Reduction initiative

, 175

Regulation

professional wrestling

, 170–171

self-body

, 113–114

Re-interpreting the body as fragile

, 183

Relational risk, conceptually understanding

, 15–18

Relational suffering

, 135–136

Religion

, 131–132

Research in the Sociology of Sport

, 1, 2

Retirement from sport

, 181, 182–183

Rio Olympic games

, 127

Rio Paralympic Games (2016)

, 73–74

Risk

, 7, 180–181

legitimation of

, 25–26

pleasurable

, 14

rites of

, 45–46

sociologists of

, 8–9

See also specific types of risk

Risk and safety

in parkour

, 45–49

rites of risk

, 45–46

rituals of symbolic safety

, 46–49

Risk culture

, 9–11, 15–16

Risk society

, 8, 44

Risk sport

, 6, 9

Risk-taking

, 6–7, 17–18

amplified

, 9–10

behavior

, 180–181

dangerous

, 10–11

ecstatic pleasure of

, 181

masculinity to

, 6–7

and paralympic identities

, 76–78

voluntary

, 42–45

Risky enterprises in sport

, 9–15

pleasurable risk

, 14

at risk and salvation

, 12–13

risk culture

, 9–11

risk of non-participation

, 13–14

risk of social loss

, 11–12

risk of victimization

, 11

sport-related risk

, 15

Rites of risk

, 45–46

Rituals of symbolic safety

, 46–49

Royal Society of Medicine (RSM)

, 27–28

RSM. See Royal Society of Medicine (RSM)

Rugby players

, 97–98

Rule-violating behaviour

, 155–156

SATs. See Student athletic trainers (SATs)

Second impact syndrome

, 90

Self-alienation

, 9–10

Self-body regulation

, 113–114

Self-identities

, 108–109

Self-inflicted bleeding

, 173

Self-objectification

, 9–10

Self-regulation

, 112–113

SEM. See Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM)

Sense of control

, 187

Sex testing

, 127–128

Sexuality and gender

, 127–128

Shorter, Frank

, 61

Sleep disturbance

, 97

“Slim to win” culture

, 108, 114

Smith, Tommie

, 12

Social constructionism

, 106

Social inequality

, 132

Social influences

, 106

Social issue, rise of

, 91–96

Socialization, sociological frames of

, 6–7

Social loss, risk of

, 11–12

Social problems

, 122, 126–132

hidden concept of suffering in sport

, 126–132

Social relational model of disability

, 75–76

Socio-cultural process

, 126

Sociological analysis, of concussion

, 96–97

Sociological interpretation, standard

, 10–11

Sociologists of risk

, 8–9

Sociologists of sport

, 24–25

Sociology of sport

, 8

perspectives from

, 25–27

Specialism

, 33–34

Specialist Training in Sport and Exercise Medicine

, 27–28

Special Olympics

, 130–131

Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM)

, 27–28, 29–30, 32–33

establishment of

, 33

Sport careers, paralympic pathways and beginning and ending

, 78–82

Sport Ethic

, 6, 9–10, 96–97

Sport for development and peace (SDP) movement

, 12–13

Sporting Bodies, Damaged Selves: Sociological Studies of Sports-related Injury

, 1, 73–74

Sporting risk

, 9–11

Sporting transitions

, 182–183

Sport pain, endurance

, 58–60

Sport-related violence

, 15–16

Sports fans

, 7

Sports medicine

, 25, 26–27, 33–34

clinicians

, 32–33

services

, 27

Sportsnets

, 6

Sports-related concussion (SRC)

, 31

relative invisibility of

, 95

Sports science

, 26–27

Sports violence

, 143–144

Sport triangle, human suffering in

, 122–126

SRC. See Sports-related concussion (SRC)

Standard of care

, 142, 146–147, 152–153, 154, 155, 157–158

Standard sociological interpretation

, 10–11

State Athletic Commissions

, 164, 172–173

Stoke Mandeville Games

, 73

Student athletic trainers (SATs)

, 26

Suffering

body

, 134–135

relational

, 135–136

in sport, ‘Hidden’ concept

, 126–132

through connection

, 135

Suicides

, 125–126

of professional athletes

, 11–12

Surveillance, body-related

, 114

Swimming culture, Australia

, 108

Symbolic violence

, 123–124

TBI. See Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI)

Temporarily able-bodied (TAB)

, 75–76

Tort

intentional

, 144–145

liability

, 142, 144, 147, 152

principles

, 142

unintentional

, 146–147

Tort law

, 142–147

Canadian, claims and defences under

, 147

Traceurs

, 43

Transitions

assistance programs

, 188

empowered athlete in

, 116–117

sporting

, 182–183

Trauma-related amputations

, 76–77

Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI)

, 169

Traumatic injury

, 121–122

UK, exercise medicine in

, 27–29

UK Sports Institute (UKSI)

, 28

Uncertainty

epistemological

, 98

forms of

, 98

Unintentional torts

, 146–147

Unruh (Guardian of) v Webber (1994)

, 152–153, 154

Velocity brain shaking

, 90

Victimization, risk of

, 11

Violence

, 123–124, 143–144

sport-related

, 15–16

symbolic

, 123–124

Vocabulary of motive

, 42–45, 50–51

Volenti defence

, 142

Volenti non fit injuria

, 142

defences based on

, 155–157

Voluntary risk-taking

, 42–45

Wilkinson, Ian

, 124–125

Winter Olympic Games 2010 (Vancouver)

, 7–8

Winter Olympic Games (2018)

, 127–128

World Report on Disability

, 76–77

World Rugby Medical Commission Conference

, 91

World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF)

, 169

World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)

, 164, 174–175

acting with immunity and impunity

, 164–166

World Wrestling Federation (WWF)

, 165, 169

The Wounded Storyteller (1995) (Frank)

, 78

Wrestling Scribe

, 170–171

WWE. See World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)

WWF. See World Wrestling Federation (WWF)

WWWF. See World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF)

Zapf v Muckalt (1996)

, 153–154