Abood v. Detroit Board of Education

, 40

Absolute authority & independence

, 9–10, 12–13, 18–22, 25, 31

Academic employment structure

, 73–74

Advances in Industrial and Labor Relations (AILR)

, 1

Affirmative defense

, 107

Against Labor

, 31–32

Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)

, 134–136

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

, 126, 128–129

practice

, 1, 3–4

American Arbitration Association (AAA)

, 3, 104

American Bookmaker, The

, 11–12

American Federation of Labor

, 15, 23

American Industries (magazine)

, 18

American labor movement

, 30

American Newspaper Publishers Association (ANPA)

, 19, 31–32

American plan to end of labor policy (1921–1928)

, 27–30

American Printer, The

, 21

Anglo-Saxon system of jurisprudence

, 100

Antiunionism

, 31–32

Arbitration

, 3–4, 128, 131

decisions

, 102

sexual harassment

, 1

Arbitrator

decisions

, 110–111

sourcing

, 126–127

Arbitrator’s Guide, The

, 130–131

Assistant professors

, 84–85

AT&T Mobility

, 111

Authority

, 8, 12, 23–24, 150, 157–158

Autonomy

, 153

job

, 149, 157

level of

, 146

local

, 20

proprietor

, 10

Bachelor’s institutions

, 74

Bargaining laws

, 44–46

Basic organizational building block

, 150

BNA database

, 104

Book and job printing. See Commercial printing

British Journal of Industrial Relations

, 148

Bulletin of the United Typothetae of America

, 17

Bureau of Industrial Relations (BIRs)

, 23

Bureau of National Affairs (BNA)

, 3

Capitalists

, 13

Carnegie classification

, 92–93

Carole Pateman

, 145–146, 148

Centralized labor policy

, 1–2, 18–19

Century Magazine

, 8

Charter schools

, 60–61

Citizen’s Industrial Association of America (CIAA)

, 18

Civil Rights Act

, 99–100, 127–128

Classical theory of democracy

, 146–147

Cleveland convention (1922)

, 29

Closed Shop Branch (CSB)

, 23

Closed Shop Division (CSD)

, 22

Closed shop printing employers

, 30

Code of Arbitration Procedure

, 130–131

Code of Ethics

, 20

Collective bargaining (CB)

, 44

Collective bargaining and right-to-work (CBRTW)

, 2, 44

states with comprehensive

, 44–46

teachers in

, 57–59

Commercial printing

, 10–11

employer organization in

, 11

industry characteristics

, 10–11

Communitarian living

, 150–153

Comparable Wage Index (CWI)

, 44–46

Completion rates

, 79

Contingent faculty

, 75

employment

, 76–77, 79

Conventional employee-owned enterprises

, 150–153

Conventional workers cooperatives

, 150–153

Cooperation

, 19–20

Court-annexed mediation

, 136

Courts

, 128–129

Cross-price elasticities

, 88–89

Cross-sectional data

, 156–158

Decision involvement

, 153

“Declaration of Policy”

, 17, 19, 24, 29

Degree of control

, 162

Democracy

multidimensional and multifaceted nature of

, 148

organizational

, 150, 153–154

in workplace

, 147–148

Democratic enterprises

, 150–153

Democratic reform enterprises

, 150–153

Democratic spillover

, 164

academic data sources

, 173–174

cross-sectional data

, 156–158

defining workplace democracy and participation

, 150–155

dimensions of workplace democracy

, 159–164

panel or longitudinal data

, 155–156

political efficacy

, 164–167

results

, 150–164

review procedure

, 148–149

spillover thesis

, 146, 148, 163–164

weakened union

, 164–165

Democratic workplace

, 147–148

Dimensions of workplace democracy

, 159–164

Discharge of harassers

, 112–113

Discipline

, 109, 111

Dispute resolution systems

, 102

Distributive justice. See also Procedural justice

, 102, 111–112

and sexual harassment

, 101–102

District-level SASS panel data

, 51

Doctoral/Research institutions

, 74

Duty-to-bargain law

, 44

Dynamic panel data model

, 84–85, 88–90

EBSCOhost Academic Search Premier

, 148

Econometric analysis

, 84–90

Economic theories

, 77, 87

Education Finance Statistics Center (EDFIN)

, 44

Employee(s)

level of

, 162

participation

, 153–154, 158–159

Employers’ Association of Detroit (EAD)

, 31–32

Employers’ associations

management diversity problems in

, 13–14

in United States, CA. (1880–1920s)

, 14–16

Employment. See also Faculty employment

arbitration and mediation at US Firms

, 127–128

relations

, 1

status

, 73–74

Enterprise-level decision-making

, 149

Equity theory

, 101

Ethical decision-making

, 102

Ethnicity

, 56

European Social Survey (ESS)

, 155

European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS)

, 155

Ex parte communication

, 131

Extreme individualism

, 15

Face-to-face participation

, 149, 153

Faculty employment

, 73–74

and compensation

, 79

data

, 79–81

dynamic panel estimation for employment levels

, 95–97

econometric analysis

, 84–90

in higher education

, 74

literature review

, 74–76

theoretical perspectives

, 76–79

trends of

, 81–84

Faculty life

, 76–77

“Fairness”

, 8–9

Federal agencies

, 128–129

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

, 31–32

Female teachers

, 41–42

Firm(s)

, 127, 139

characteristics

, 134

firm-based nonunion employment

, 126

Flow of control-relevant information

, 150–153

Formal decision-making unit

, 146

Formal regression analysis

, 84–85

Forty-four hour strike tests harmony and unity

, 23–26

Free riding

, 13

“Free-rider” problem

, 40–41

Full professors

, 85

Full-time

instructional faculty

, 73–74

lecturers/instructors

, 74–75, 85

professorial faculty

, 73–75

teachers

, 55

Gender harassment

, 107

General Council (GC)

, 132

Geographic decentralization

, 20

Great Depression

, 30

Hierarchical regression analysis

, 134–136

Higher education

faculty employment in

, 73–74

institutions

, 77

Higher-level participation

, 163–164

Hispanic teachers

, 56, 60

Hooters of America, Inc. v. Phillips

, 126

Human capital theory

, 126

ILR Review

, 148

“Income effect”

, 78–79

Individual labor contracts

, 19–20

Individualism

, 8–9

Industrial Relations

, 148

Industrial Relations Committee (IRC)

, 24

Industrial relations system (IR system)

, 9, 15

Informal sources

, 129–130

Inland Printer, The

, 11–12

“Inquisitorial” systems of justice

, 100

Institution(al)

characteristics

, 79, 90

employment decisions

, 85

finances

, 79

wealth

, 78–79

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS)

, 2–3, 74–75, 79

Inter-quartile range (iqr)

, 141

Interactional justice and sexual harassment

, 103

Internal political efficacy

, 162

International Brotherhood of Bookbinders

, 31–32

International Joint Council of the Commercial and Periodical Branches of Printing Industry (IJCC)

, 23

International Printing Pressmen and Assistants’ Union

, 31–32

International Printing Pressmen’s Union (IPP)

, 17

International Typographical Union (ITU)

, 1–2, 8, 12–13, 16–17, 31–32

Intertemporal correlation coefficients

, 92–93

Iron Trades Review

, 16

Issue-contingent model

, 102

Janus V. American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees, Council 31

, 39–40

Job

autonomy

, 148, 149, 153, 159, 163

decision latitude

, 153

design emphasis

, 150–153

discretion

, 160

participation

, 150

socialization

, 153

Joint union–management selection

, 3–4

Just cause

, 103

K-12 teachers

, 41–42

Labor

divisions

, 21–23

markets

, 12, 14

philosophy

, 8–10

Labor and Employment Relations Association (LERA)

, 1

Labor arbitration

decisions

, 3, 104

law

, 126–127

Labor Divisions

, 10–11

Labor policy

, 19–20

from American plan to end of

, 27–30

characteristics of commercial printing industry

, 10–11

demise of UTA

, 30

employers’ associations in United States

, 14–16

forty-four hour strike tests harmony and unity

, 23–26

labor divisions

, 21–23

management diversity problems in employers’ associations

, 13–14

master printers organize

, 11–13

striking for shorter hours, defending open shops, and internal dissension

, 16–20

in UTA

, 10

Labor Studies Journal

, 148

Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP)

, 155

Legal norms in sexual harassment

, 99–100

Linotype machines

, 17

Local autonomy

, 20

“Locus of control”

, 153

of workflow variances

, 150–153

Longitudinal data

, 155–156

Management

behavior

, 109

diversity problems in employers’ associations

, 13–14

Market orientation

, 15

Master printers

, 11–13

Master’s institutions

, 74

Me Too Movement

, 99–100

Mediation

, 3–4, 128, 130

Mediator

qualification

, 136

sourcing

, 127, 136

Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson

, 106, 112–113

Moot

, 102, 115

Multilevel mixed-effect models

, 57

Multivariate OLS regressions

, 134–136

National Association of Manufacturers (NAMs)

, 18

National Bureau of Information

, 31–32

National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)

, 43

National Teacher and Principal Survey (NTPS)

, 62

Nested models approach

, 134–136

Neutrals

qualification

, 131–132

quality of

, 131–132

sourcing of

, 128–131

New York Typothetae

, 8, 11

No agreement (NA)

, 46

Nonacademic faculty members

, 76

Nontenure track faculty

, 73–74, 76

full-time

, 78, 90

part-time

, 2–3

Nonunion

shops

, 31–32

workforce

, 133

Occupational involvement

, 150, 153–154

Off-diagonal coefficients

, 87

Open Shop Division (OSD)

, 21

Open-shop movement

, 28, 31–32

Ordinary Least Squares regressions (OLS regressions)

, 50–51, 134, 136

Organizational democracy. See also Workplace democracy

, 148, 149, 150, 153–154

Organizational justice theory

, 101–103

distributive justice and sexual harassment

, 101–102

interactional justice and sexual harassment

, 103

just cause and

, 103

procedural justice and sexual harassment

, 102–103

Organized employers

, 14

Organized labor

, 16

Own-price elasticities

, 88–89

Panel

data

, 155–156

models

, 2–3

Parent–teacher associations (PTAs)

, 155

Part-time faculty

, 73–75, 85

Participation

, 147–148

dimensions of participation

, 162

in workplace

, 145–148

workplace democracy and

, 150–155

“Participation in enterprise-level decision-making”

, 153

Pateman’s theory

, 149, 164

Paternalism

, 8–9

Phone-based survey method

, 132

Political

efficacy

, 164–167

participation

, 4–5

socialization

, 153

Post-JANUS public sector

bargaining laws

, 44–46

basic comparisons of agency and CBRTW states

, 44–46

comparative predictors of union membership

, 59

data

, 43–44

descriptive statistics for districts in states

, 66

descriptive statistics for teachers in states

, 65

empirical strategy

, 50–51

prediction for districts covered by collective bargaining agreement

, 70–71

principal factors and factor differences between union and nonunion teachers

, 66–68

results

, 51–57

sample size by state with duty-to-bargain laws

, 64

teacher attitudes and school climate

, 47–49

teachers

, 41–43

Postsecondary educational institutions

, 79

Printers’ Ink

, 9

Printers’ League of America (PLA)

, 19–20

Printing for Profit

, 31–32

Private ADR provider

, 128–129, 133–134

Private institutions

, 90

Private third-party arbitration

, 140

Procedural justice. See also Distributive justice

arbitrator decisions and

, 110–111

and sexual harassment

, 102–103

and summary discharge of harassers

, 112–113

Professionalization theory

, 76–77

Professorial faculty

, 75–76

ProQuest Political Science Database

, 148

ProQuest Social Science Premium Collection

, 148

Qualification of workers

, 131–132

Qualified arbitrator

, 126–127

Quality of neutrals

, 128–131

Quality of Working Life (QWL)

, 150–153

Quid pro quo cases

, 106–107

Race

, 56

Range of issues

, 162

Recruitment sources

, 128–129

Repeat-player effect. See Private third-party arbitration

Representative democracy

, 146–147

Resource dependency theory

, 77–78

Right-to-work laws (RTW laws)

, 41, 43–44

Robustness test

, 56

School and Staffing Survey (SASS)

, 2, 40, 43

School climate

, 47–49

School Districts Finance Survey (SDFS)

, 44

Scribner’s Monthly

, 8

Second-order model

, 134–136

Self-determination theory

, 153

Self-governed employee-owned enterprises

, 150–153

Self-governed workers cooperatives

, 150–153

Sen’s concept of agent

, 153

Sensitivity test

, 56

Sex discrimination

, 99–100

Sexual harassment (SH)

, 1, 105

arbitration cases

, 108–109

arbitrator decisions and procedural justice

, 110–111

arbitrator final decisions

, 110

cases

, 118–119

changes over time in treatment

, 105

current study and data

, 104–107

decisions

, 107–108

distributive justice

, 111–112

early 2000s sexual harassment cases

, 120–121

early 90s sexual harassment cases

, 122–123

issues to ponder

, 113–115

management behavior

, 109

organizational justice theory

, 101–103

procedural justice and summary discharge of harassers

, 112–113

rationale for 7/1/1988–6/30/1992 or “Early 90s” Period

, 106

rationale for 7/1/1999–6/30/2004 or “Early 21C” Period

, 106–107

social and legal norms

, 99–100

type

, 107

“Skill discretion”

, 160

“Skill level” job

, 160

Social norms in sexual harassment

, 99–100

Social science research databases

, 148

Socio-moral climate

, 162

Sourcing of neutrals

, 128–131

Special education teachers

, 60–61

Spillover thesis

, 4–5, 145–146, 148, 153–154, 163–164

St. Nicholas

, 8

Stability & order

, 9–10, 12–13, 18–22, 25, 31

Standard Cost System

, 20, 26, 31–32

State agencies

, 128–129

Steelworkers Trilogy

, 126–127

Stepwise regression

, 134–136

Strategic decisions

, 152

“Structurally anchored organizational democracy”

, 150

“Structurally anchored” participation

, 150–153

Student enrollment

, 77, 79

Supervisory responsibility

, 150

Swilk tests

, 141

Taxonomy of associations

, 31–32

Teachers

, 41, 43, 60

attitudes

, 47–49

unions

, 44, 51

Teaching

, 41–42

Tenure track faculty

, 73–74

Third-order model

, 134–136

Third-party neutrals

data and methods

, 132–134

descriptive statistics of neutral sourcing variations

, 135

empirical findings

, 134–136

hierarchical OLS results for mediation and arbitration usage

, 137–138

literature review

, 127–132

quality of neutrals

, 131–132

rise of employment arbitration and mediation at US Firms

, 127–128

selection procedures

, 126

sourcing of neutrals

, 128–131

summary statistics and coding scheme

, 135

Three-Year Plan (1918–1921)

, 26

Trade

associations

, 31

journals

, 11–12

Traditional dual labor market model

, 75

Traditional Kibbutzim

, 150–153

Typothetae

, 31–32

Typothetae Bulletin

, 8, 17, 19, 31–32

Union

collective bargaining agreements

, 100

contracts

, 101

membership

, 148–149

mobilization

, 148–149

Union-represented female teachers

, 41–42

Unionization

, 57

Unionized employees

, 3

Unionized grievance procedures

, 126–127

Unionized workplaces

, 100–101

United Typotheate of America (UTA)

, 1–2, 8, 10, 12–13, 16, 18, 21, 31–32

demise of UTA (1929–1945)

, 30

UTA-ITU agreement

, 21–22

Unity

, 17

US Firms, employment arbitration and mediation at

, 127–128

Voluntary Emergency Defense (strike) Fund

, 17

Wartime labor market

, 23

Web of Science

, 148

Work

community

, 153–154

participation

, 154, 157, 160, 163

work-related decisions

, 146

Workplace

, 147

conflict resolution

, 128

participation

, 4–5, 146, 153–155

Workplace democracy

, 146–148

dimensions of

, 159–164

higher-level participation

, 163–164

job autonomy

, 159–163

and participation

, 150–155