Workspace transitions: conceptualizing and measuring person–space fit and examining its role in workplace outcomes and social network activity
Journal of Managerial Psychology
ISSN: 0268-3946
Article publication date: 16 November 2020
Issue publication date: 27 April 2021
Abstract
Purpose
Although the physical environment provides an important context for employees' work, there remain divergent findings regarding how different spatial settings, such as more open or more closed workspaces, impact employees. Employing research on the functions of the physical work environment, we contribute to a growing body of research on employees' interactions with their workspace by developing and measuring the notion of person–space fit (P-S fit). This construct affords examination of the multi-dimensional nature of employees' interactions with their workspaces, to understand how their perceived fit with the key functions of their workspace impacts their experiences and social network activity at work.
Design/methodology/approach
We first develop a new P-S fit scale and test its factorial, convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity over other person–environment fit concepts (N = 155). Next, in a naturally-occurring, quasi-field experiment of a workspace change intervention moving employees from predominantly closed workspace to more open workspace (N = 47 pre-move; N = 37 post-move), we examine how changes in both workspace layout and P-S fit impact workers' experiences of their workspaces (needs for task privacy and spaciousness) and collaborative behaviors (social network activity).
Findings
Our P-S fit scale consists of theoretically and empirically validated dimensions representing fit with four workspace functions: aesthetic fit; identity fit; instrumental fit; and collaboration fit. Instrumental fit is positively associated with experiences of task privacy, whereas aesthetic fit and identity fit positively associated with experiences of spaciousness, but no forms of fit were related to social network activity. However, the findings show that work-related social network ties tended to decrease, and new ones were less likely to form, in open office spaces.
Originality/value
Contributing to a growing body of research linking person–environment fit literature to workspace design, this study offers a new scale assessing P-S fit and provides some empirical evidence of its importance for understanding the complexity of the employee-work environment interaction.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
The first and second listed authors contributed equally to this manuscript.The authors wish to sincerely thank the Associate Editor, Dr Remi Ayoko, and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive feedback throughout the review process.Funding: This research was supported by a grant jointly awarded to the first two authors. Details are available from these authors.
Citation
Bankins, S., Tomprou, M. and Kim, B. (2021), "Workspace transitions: conceptualizing and measuring person–space fit and examining its role in workplace outcomes and social network activity", Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 36 No. 4, pp. 344-365. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-09-2019-0538
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
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