Index

Overtourism as Destination Risk

ISBN: 978-1-83909-707-2, eISBN: 978-1-83909-706-5

Publication date: 13 May 2021

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

(2021), "Index", Sharma, A. and Hassan, A. (Ed.) Overtourism as Destination Risk (Tourism Security-Safety and Post Conflict Destinations), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 285-288. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83909-706-520211019

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2021 by Emerald Publishing Limited


INDEX

‘Active considerer’
, 135–136

Agricultural tourism
, 104–105

Alternative tourism
, 100, 277

development
, 104–105

mass tourism vs.
, 277–278

post-Covid-19
, 279–280

American Marketing Association
, 116–117

Anti-tourist
, 89

Attitudes towards tourism
, 85

Bait and switch demarketing
, 118

Belek Tourism Investors Association (BETUYAB)
, 214

Brand image
, 193

Carrying capacity
, 22, 102–103, 113

of Haridwar
, 226–227

City of Temples
, 250

Clustering
, 202

in destination management
, 212–214

in tourism
, 212

Commanding
, 211

Community development
, 81–82

tourism and
, 84, 86

Conceptual frame
, 10–11

Conflicts
, 152, 155–156

classification of
, 156–157

destinations affecting by overtourism
, 158–160

management
, 155–156

overtourism and tourism
, 153

and strategies
, 156–157

suggestive measures
, 157–161

Contradictions, overtourism
, 10–14

conceptual frame
, 10–11

new contradiction
, 13–14

newly emerging understanding
, 14

in post-1950 tourism
, 11–13

Coordination process
, 209–211

Coronavirus
, 281

Counter-marketing
, 131

Covid-19
, 263–266, 276

challenges vs. opportunities
, 268–270

new normal
, 268

on overtourism
, 278–279

post-Covid-19
, 279–280

Crowding costs demarketing
, 119–122

Cuisine tourism
, 106–107

Cultural negotiation
, 155

Cultural tourism
, 39–44

educational tourism
, 42–43

empirical research results
, 40–42

family tourism
, 42–43

heritage interpretation products for young visitors
, 43–44

Demarketing
, 112–113, 116, 122, 130–132, 194

4P process
, 123

bait and switch
, 118

case-based approach
, 134

crowding costs
, 119–122

destination demarketing mix strategy
, 142–143

destination demarketing strategies
, 140, 142

differentiation
, 119

general
, 117

Lofoten Islands case
, 137–140

New Zealand case
, 134–140

ostensible
, 118

price discriminating
, 118

selective
, 117–118

stakeholder integrated demarketing approach
, 143–145

stock outage
, 119

strategies
, 116–122

in tourism
, 132–133

of tourist destination
, 133–134

Destination demarketing

mix strategy
, 142–143

strategies
, 133, 140, 142

Destination Development, Marketing and Management (DDMM)
, 173

Destination image
, 71–73

Destination management (DM)
, 154–155, 168, 202, 207, 212

clustering in
, 212–214

Destination management/marketing organisations (DMOs)
, 130

Differentiation demarketing
, 119

Eco-spatial conflicts
, 156

Eco-tourism
, 99–100

Economic carrying capacity
, 102–103

Economic conflicts
, 157

Education, experience and entertainment tourism (3E tourism)
, 88, 249

Educational tourism
, 42–43

9/11 effect
, 57–58

Extortion
, 58–59, 63, 65

Extraordinary politics
, 268–269

Family tourism
, 42–43

Field survey method
, 224

General demarketing
, 117

Global tourism
, 187–188

Golden Triangle
, 250–253

Gretzel
, 51–52

Guest–host interaction
, 229

Haridwar

carrying capacity of
, 226–227

change in tourism
, 230–231

guest–host interaction
, 229

local residents
, 228–229

overtourism in
, 224–225

research approach
, 223–224

‘residents’ opinion on tourism
, 227–228

solutions to preventing overcrowdedness
, 231

tourism in
, 222–223

tourist places in
, 225–226

Heritage interpretation products for young visitors
, 43–44

Immunity, travel for
, 281

Infrastructural conflicts
, 157

Instagram
, 51–52

International Union for Conservation of Nature
, 99–100

International visitor levy (IVL)
, 134–135

Interpretation
, 44

products for young visitors
, 43–44

Irish Tourist Assistance Service (ITAS)
, 191

‘Irritation Index’ theory
, 37–38, 152–153

Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)
, 61–62

Jones Lang Lasalle (JLL)
, 114–115

‘Kombu Mela’
, 22

Leading. See Commanding

Leisure
, 61–63

Local community
, 152–153, 157, 161

Lofoten Islands, demarketing
, 137–140

Marketing. See also Demarketing
, 116–117, 130

mix
, 117

Mass tourism
, 111–112, 188, 276

alternative tourism vs.
, 277–278

New Zealand, demarketing
, 134–140

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
, 170, 207

Odisha
, 250

domestic tourist visits in
, 254

foreign tourist visits in
, 255

Golden Triangle of
, 251

Online travel agency (OTA)
, 247

Organising process
, 209

Ostensible demarketing
, 118

Outdoor Recreation Act
, 138–140

Overtourism
, 8, 10, 19–20, 69–71, 83, 88, 98–101, 154–155, 169, 188, 221–222, 235–238, 240–242, 264–266, 268, 276

carrying capacity
, 22

causes and consequences
, 240–248

causes to emergence of
, 50–53

to cities
, 24

city-wide issue
, 26–27

contradictions
, 10–14

impact of Covid-19 on
, 278–279

destinations and strategies
, 23

Golden Triangle
, 250–253

impacts
, 37, 39, 53, 72–73

movement
, 53

myths
, 21–27

origin and evolution of
, 237–238

overcrowding
, 25

perpetual phenomenon
, 26

problem and solutions
, 23–24

and religious destinations
, 248–250

responses
, 72–73

rise of
, 277

in Shimla
, 74–75

smart solutions and policies
, 24–25

socio-psychological aspects of
, 23

solutions of
, 53–54

sources of
, 243–246

term of
, 113–116

threats to culture and heritage
, 114–116

tourism related issue
, 26

Overcrowding
, 25, 152–153, 266–267

Planning process
, 208–209

Price discriminating demarketing
, 118

Product, price, place and promotion (4P process)
, 117, 119, 123

Queen of hills. See Shimla

Religious destinations
, 248–250

Religious places
, 237

Responsible tourism
, 195

Sea, sun and sand tourism (3S tourism)
, 88, 249

Selective demarketing
, 117–118

Shimla
, 71–73, 76

conditions of overtourism in
, 74–75

past conditions in
, 73–74

Resist Overtourism
, 75–76

Snowballing techniques
, 171

Social carrying capacity
, 102–103

Social Exchange Theory
, 85–86

Social media
, 51–53

Socio-cultural conflicts
, 157

Socio-cultural paradigm
, 63

Socio-demographic conflicts
, 157

Soft data perspective
, 177

Special interest tourism (SIT)
, 222

Stakeholder Integrated Demarketing Approach (SIDA)
, 130–131, 143, 145

Stakeholders
, 170, 178, 180

of tourism destination
, 206–207

Stock outage demarketing
, 119

Surprise factor
, 63–65

Sustainable Destination Development, Marketing and Management Organisations (SDDMMO)
, 173, 178

destination residents
, 177–178

local/regional governments
, 175–177

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
, 168

Sustainable tourism
, 23–24, 100–101, 103–104, 169

Synchromarketing
, 131

Temple Tourism
, 250

Terrorism
, 57–58, 60

targets of terrorists
, 62–65

and tourism
, 60–62

Tourism. See also Overtourism
, 1, 50, 98–99, 202, 235–236

businesses
, 205

clusters
, 212

and community development
, 84

and crime
, 189

demarketing in
, 132–133

in Haridwar
, 222–223

need of hour
, 193–194

negative consequences
, 102–104

negative effects of
, 87

policing
, 189, 191–192

solutions of/for
, 102–104

and terrorism
, 60–62

tourist destination image
, 192–193

Tourism destination
, 202–203

characteristics of
, 203–204

elements of
, 204–206

stakeholders of
, 206–207

Tourism New Zealand (TNZ)
, 135

Tourism-phobia
, 114–115

Tourist destination
, 265–266

image
, 192–193

Tourist route and activity guide
, 44–45

Turismofobia. See Overtourism

Understanding tourism
, 11, 13–14

Unique selling proposition (USP)
, 276

United Nations Development Organization (UNIDO)
, 212

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
, 188

United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
, 53–54, 152, 187, 221–222, 263–264

Urbanisation
, 50

Vertical organisation
, 209

Visitor governance (VG)
, 168

Visitor management (VM)
, 130, 168–170

alternative approaches
, 172–173

holistic stakeholder involvement in
, 181

holistic understanding of
, 173

limitations of traditional
, 171–172

‘residents’ roles in
, 179

SDDMMO
, 173–178

stakeholders
, 178–180

tasks of government
, 177

War on Terror
, 61

World Economic Forum
, 188

World Health Organization (WHO)
, 263–264

World Heritage Site (WHS)
, 36, 41

World population
, 50

World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC)
, 114–115

Young visitors
, 43–44

Prelims
Introduction
Part 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Contradiction on Delimiting and Limiting ‘Overtourism’
Chapter 2 Myths and Realities of Overtourism
Part 2 Psychology, Community and Environmental Issues Related to Overtourism
Chapter 3 The Role of Tourism Education in Overtourism and Destination Management
Chapter 4 Overtourism: Causes, Impacts and Solution
Chapter 5 The Never Ending War: 9/11 and Its Recent Effects on Tourism Industry
Chapter 6 Local Residents’ Perceptions Regarding the Negative Impacts of Overtourism: A Case of Shimla
Chapter 7 Community Development, Frustration and Overtourism
Part 3 Possible Solutions to Stop Overtourism
Chapter 8 As a Possible Solution of Overtourism in Destination: Alternative Tourism Movement
Chapter 9 Demarketing as a Potential Solution to Overtourism Problems in Tourism Destinations
Chapter 10 Demarketing Strategy As a Tool to Mitigate Overtourism – An Illusion?
Chapter 11 Overtourism Conflicts and Their Resolution
Chapter 12 Sustainable Visitor Management to Mitigate Overtourism: What, Who and How
Chapter 13 Role of Tourism Policing to Improve Tourist Destination Image
Chapter 14 The Importance of Clustering in a Successful Destination Management
Part 4 Overtourism Case Studies
Chapter 15 Overtourism and Its Impacts in Haridwar From Residents' Perspective
Chapter 16 Overtourism in Religious Places: Is It a Myth or a Journey towards Faith, a Reflection from Golden Triangle (Bhubaneswar-Puri-Konark) of Odisha, India
Part 5 Future of Overtourism and the Post-Covid-19 Era
Chapter 17 Covid-19 Vs. Overtourism: Challenges or Opportunities for Tourist Destinations: Theoretical Perspective
Chapter 18 Covid-19 Impact on Overtourism: Diversion from Mass Tourism to Alternative Tourism
Index