Index
Overtourism as Destination Risk
ISBN: 978-1-83909-707-2, eISBN: 978-1-83909-706-5
Publication date: 13 May 2021
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2021), "Index", Sharma, A. and Hassan, A. (Ed.) Overtourism as Destination Risk (Tourism Security-Safety and Post Conflict Destinations), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 285-288. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83909-706-520211019
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2021 by Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
‘Active considerer’
, 135–136
Agricultural tourism
, 104–105
Alternative tourism
, 100, 277
development
, 104–105
mass tourism vs.
, 277–278
post-Covid-19
, 279–280
American Marketing Association
, 116–117
Anti-tourist
, 89
Attitudes towards tourism
, 85
Bait and switch demarketing
, 118
Belek Tourism Investors Association (BETUYAB)
, 214
Brand image
, 193
Carrying capacity
, 22, 102–103, 113
of Haridwar
, 226–227
City of Temples
, 250
Clustering
, 202
in destination management
, 212–214
in tourism
, 212
Commanding
, 211
Community development
, 81–82
tourism and
, 84, 86
Conceptual frame
, 10–11
Conflicts
, 152, 155–156
classification of
, 156–157
destinations affecting by overtourism
, 158–160
management
, 155–156
overtourism and tourism
, 153
and strategies
, 156–157
suggestive measures
, 157–161
Contradictions, overtourism
, 10–14
conceptual frame
, 10–11
new contradiction
, 13–14
newly emerging understanding
, 14
in post-1950 tourism
, 11–13
Coordination process
, 209–211
Coronavirus
, 281
Counter-marketing
, 131
Covid-19
, 263–266, 276
challenges vs. opportunities
, 268–270
new normal
, 268
on overtourism
, 278–279
post-Covid-19
, 279–280
Crowding costs demarketing
, 119–122
Cuisine tourism
, 106–107
Cultural negotiation
, 155
Cultural tourism
, 39–44
educational tourism
, 42–43
empirical research results
, 40–42
family tourism
, 42–43
heritage interpretation products for young visitors
, 43–44
Demarketing
, 112–113, 116, 122, 130–132, 194
4P process
, 123
bait and switch
, 118
case-based approach
, 134
crowding costs
, 119–122
destination demarketing mix strategy
, 142–143
destination demarketing strategies
, 140, 142
differentiation
, 119
general
, 117
Lofoten Islands case
, 137–140
New Zealand case
, 134–140
ostensible
, 118
price discriminating
, 118
selective
, 117–118
stakeholder integrated demarketing approach
, 143–145
stock outage
, 119
strategies
, 116–122
in tourism
, 132–133
of tourist destination
, 133–134
Destination demarketing
mix strategy
, 142–143
strategies
, 133, 140, 142
Destination Development, Marketing and Management (DDMM)
, 173
Destination image
, 71–73
Destination management (DM)
, 154–155, 168, 202, 207, 212
clustering in
, 212–214
Destination management/marketing organisations (DMOs)
, 130
Differentiation demarketing
, 119
Eco-spatial conflicts
, 156
Eco-tourism
, 99–100
Economic carrying capacity
, 102–103
Economic conflicts
, 157
Education, experience and entertainment tourism (3E tourism)
, 88, 249
Educational tourism
, 42–43
9/11 effect
, 57–58
Extortion
, 58–59, 63, 65
Extraordinary politics
, 268–269
Family tourism
, 42–43
Field survey method
, 224
General demarketing
, 117
Global tourism
, 187–188
Golden Triangle
, 250–253
Gretzel
, 51–52
Guest–host interaction
, 229
Haridwar
carrying capacity of
, 226–227
change in tourism
, 230–231
guest–host interaction
, 229
local residents
, 228–229
overtourism in
, 224–225
research approach
, 223–224
‘residents’ opinion on tourism
, 227–228
solutions to preventing overcrowdedness
, 231
tourism in
, 222–223
tourist places in
, 225–226
Heritage interpretation products for young visitors
, 43–44
Immunity, travel for
, 281
Infrastructural conflicts
, 157
Instagram
, 51–52
International Union for Conservation of Nature
, 99–100
International visitor levy (IVL)
, 134–135
Interpretation
, 44
products for young visitors
, 43–44
Irish Tourist Assistance Service (ITAS)
, 191
‘Irritation Index’ theory
, 37–38, 152–153
Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)
, 61–62
Jones Lang Lasalle (JLL)
, 114–115
‘Kombu Mela’
, 22
Leading. See Commanding
Leisure
, 61–63
Local community
, 152–153, 157, 161
Lofoten Islands, demarketing
, 137–140
Marketing. See also Demarketing
, 116–117, 130
mix
, 117
Mass tourism
, 111–112, 188, 276
alternative tourism vs.
, 277–278
New Zealand, demarketing
, 134–140
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
, 170, 207
Odisha
, 250
domestic tourist visits in
, 254
foreign tourist visits in
, 255
Golden Triangle of
, 251
Online travel agency (OTA)
, 247
Organising process
, 209
Ostensible demarketing
, 118
Outdoor Recreation Act
, 138–140
Overtourism
, 8, 10, 19–20, 69–71, 83, 88, 98–101, 154–155, 169, 188, 221–222, 235–238, 240–242, 264–266, 268, 276
carrying capacity
, 22
causes and consequences
, 240–248
causes to emergence of
, 50–53
to cities
, 24
city-wide issue
, 26–27
contradictions
, 10–14
impact of Covid-19 on
, 278–279
destinations and strategies
, 23
Golden Triangle
, 250–253
impacts
, 37, 39, 53, 72–73
movement
, 53
myths
, 21–27
origin and evolution of
, 237–238
overcrowding
, 25
perpetual phenomenon
, 26
problem and solutions
, 23–24
and religious destinations
, 248–250
responses
, 72–73
rise of
, 277
in Shimla
, 74–75
smart solutions and policies
, 24–25
socio-psychological aspects of
, 23
solutions of
, 53–54
sources of
, 243–246
term of
, 113–116
threats to culture and heritage
, 114–116
tourism related issue
, 26
Overcrowding
, 25, 152–153, 266–267
Planning process
, 208–209
Price discriminating demarketing
, 118
Product, price, place and promotion (4P process)
, 117, 119, 123
Queen of hills. See Shimla
Religious destinations
, 248–250
Religious places
, 237
Responsible tourism
, 195
Sea, sun and sand tourism (3S tourism)
, 88, 249
Selective demarketing
, 117–118
Shimla
, 71–73, 76
conditions of overtourism in
, 74–75
past conditions in
, 73–74
Resist Overtourism
, 75–76
Snowballing techniques
, 171
Social carrying capacity
, 102–103
Social Exchange Theory
, 85–86
Social media
, 51–53
Socio-cultural conflicts
, 157
Socio-cultural paradigm
, 63
Socio-demographic conflicts
, 157
Soft data perspective
, 177
Special interest tourism (SIT)
, 222
Stakeholder Integrated Demarketing Approach (SIDA)
, 130–131, 143, 145
Stakeholders
, 170, 178, 180
of tourism destination
, 206–207
Stock outage demarketing
, 119
Surprise factor
, 63–65
Sustainable Destination Development, Marketing and Management Organisations (SDDMMO)
, 173, 178
destination residents
, 177–178
local/regional governments
, 175–177
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
, 168
Sustainable tourism
, 23–24, 100–101, 103–104, 169
Synchromarketing
, 131
Temple Tourism
, 250
Terrorism
, 57–58, 60
targets of terrorists
, 62–65
and tourism
, 60–62
Tourism. See also Overtourism
, 1, 50, 98–99, 202, 235–236
businesses
, 205
clusters
, 212
and community development
, 84
and crime
, 189
demarketing in
, 132–133
in Haridwar
, 222–223
need of hour
, 193–194
negative consequences
, 102–104
negative effects of
, 87
policing
, 189, 191–192
solutions of/for
, 102–104
and terrorism
, 60–62
tourist destination image
, 192–193
Tourism destination
, 202–203
characteristics of
, 203–204
elements of
, 204–206
stakeholders of
, 206–207
Tourism New Zealand (TNZ)
, 135
Tourism-phobia
, 114–115
Tourist destination
, 265–266
image
, 192–193
Tourist route and activity guide
, 44–45
Turismofobia. See Overtourism
Understanding tourism
, 11, 13–14
Unique selling proposition (USP)
, 276
United Nations Development Organization (UNIDO)
, 212
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
, 188
United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
, 53–54, 152, 187, 221–222, 263–264
Urbanisation
, 50
Vertical organisation
, 209
Visitor governance (VG)
, 168
Visitor management (VM)
, 130, 168–170
alternative approaches
, 172–173
holistic stakeholder involvement in
, 181
holistic understanding of
, 173
limitations of traditional
, 171–172
‘residents’ roles in
, 179
SDDMMO
, 173–178
stakeholders
, 178–180
tasks of government
, 177
War on Terror
, 61
World Economic Forum
, 188
World Health Organization (WHO)
, 263–264
World Heritage Site (WHS)
, 36, 41
World population
, 50
World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC)
, 114–115
Young visitors
, 43–44
- Prelims
- Introduction
- Part 1 Introduction
- Chapter 1 Contradiction on Delimiting and Limiting ‘Overtourism’
- Chapter 2 Myths and Realities of Overtourism
- Part 2 Psychology, Community and Environmental Issues Related to Overtourism
- Chapter 3 The Role of Tourism Education in Overtourism and Destination Management
- Chapter 4 Overtourism: Causes, Impacts and Solution
- Chapter 5 The Never Ending War: 9/11 and Its Recent Effects on Tourism Industry
- Chapter 6 Local Residents’ Perceptions Regarding the Negative Impacts of Overtourism: A Case of Shimla
- Chapter 7 Community Development, Frustration and Overtourism
- Part 3 Possible Solutions to Stop Overtourism
- Chapter 8 As a Possible Solution of Overtourism in Destination: Alternative Tourism Movement
- Chapter 9 Demarketing as a Potential Solution to Overtourism Problems in Tourism Destinations
- Chapter 10 Demarketing Strategy As a Tool to Mitigate Overtourism – An Illusion?
- Chapter 11 Overtourism Conflicts and Their Resolution
- Chapter 12 Sustainable Visitor Management to Mitigate Overtourism: What, Who and How
- Chapter 13 Role of Tourism Policing to Improve Tourist Destination Image
- Chapter 14 The Importance of Clustering in a Successful Destination Management
- Part 4 Overtourism Case Studies
- Chapter 15 Overtourism and Its Impacts in Haridwar From Residents' Perspective
- Chapter 16 Overtourism in Religious Places: Is It a Myth or a Journey towards Faith, a Reflection from Golden Triangle (Bhubaneswar-Puri-Konark) of Odisha, India
- Part 5 Future of Overtourism and the Post-Covid-19 Era
- Chapter 17 Covid-19 Vs. Overtourism: Challenges or Opportunities for Tourist Destinations: Theoretical Perspective
- Chapter 18 Covid-19 Impact on Overtourism: Diversion from Mass Tourism to Alternative Tourism
- Index