References

Abu Moghli and Kadiwal, 2021 Abu Moghli, M. , & Kadiwal, L. (2021). Decolonizing the curriculum beyond the surge: Conceptualisation, positionality and conduct. London Review of Education, 19(1), 1–16.

Advance HE, 2021 Advance HE . (2021). Understanding structural racism in UK higher education: An introduction. AdvanceHE.

Advance HE, 2022 Advance HE . (2022). ‘New toolkit on embedding mental health into the curriculum’, in partnership, in Advance HE magazine. https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2022-03/AdvHE_In_Partnership_March_22.pdf. Accessed on June 15, 2022.

Ahmed and Cushing, 2021 Ahmed, F. , & Cushing, I. (2021). Banned words and racism in schools. Red Pepper. https://www.redpepper.org.uk/banned-words-and-racism-in-schools/

Akel, 2020 Akel, S. (2020). What decolonising the curriculum means. https://eachother.org.uk/decolonising-the-curriculum-what-it-really-means/. Accessed on January 12, 2024.

Alexander, 1996 Alexander, C. (1996). The art of being Black. Oxford University Press.

Andrews, 2023 Andrews, K. (2023). The psychosis of whiteness. Penguin.

Andrews and Palmer, 2016 Andrews, K. , & Palmer, A. (2016). Blackness in Britain. Routledge.

Archer and Francis, 2007 Archer, L. , & Francis, B. (2007). Understanding minority ethnic achievement: The role of race, class, gender and ‘success’. Routledge.

Arksey and Knight, 1999 Arksey, H. , & Knight, P. (1999). Interviewing for social scientists. Sage.

Arday, 2021 Arday, J. (2021). Engaging pedagogically with race and racism BAME awarding gap keynote lecture. University College London. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2S8JUO3M_04

Arday et al., 2020 Arday, J. , Belluigi, D. Z. , & Thomas, D. (2020). Attempting to break the chain: Reimagining inclusive pedagogy and decolonising the curriculum within the academy. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 53(2), 1–16.

Arday and Mirza, 2018 Arday, J. , & Mirza, H. S. (Eds.). (2018). Dismantling race in higher education: Racism, whiteness and decolonising the academy. Palgrave Macmillan.

Bhopal, 2018 Bhopal, K. (2018). White privilege. The myth of a post-racial society. The Policy Press.

Bhopal, 2022 Bhopal, K. (2022). ‘We can talk the talk, but we’re not allowed to walk the walk’: The role of equality and diversity staff in higher education institutions in England. Higher Education, 85, 325–339.

Bhopal, 2023 Bhopal, K. (2023). Critical race theory: Confronting, challenging and rethinking white privilege. Annual Review of Sociology, 49, 111–128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-031021-123710

Bhopal and Myers, 2023 Bhopal, K. , & Myers, M. (2023). Elite universities and the making of privilege: Exploring race and class. In Global educational economies. Routledge.

Bianco, 2022 Bianco, S. D. (2022). Reflecting upon the BAME awarding gap at UCL economics. Reflect Educational Blog. University College London (UCL). https://reflect.ucl.ac.uk/education-conference-2022/2022/03/31/reflecting-about-the-bame-awarding-gap-at-ucl-economics/. Accessed on April 6, 2023.

Bourdieu, 1990 Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice. Stanford University Press.

Boustani, 2023 Boustani, S. (2023, November 12). Examining exam anxiety: How disadvantage impacts performance. TASO News & Blogs. https://taso.org.uk/news-item/examining-exam-anxiety-how-disadvantage-impacts-performance/?fbclid=IwAR03vPdNf9Vy1eG6idE9sDMUW2MoEuu8394Fa-B4654fgJ-j5lVTly0L6Y8. Accessed on November 12, 203.

Bunce et al., 2021 Bunce, L. , King, N. , Saran, S. , & Talib, N. (2021). Experience of Black and minority ethnic (BME) students in higher education: Applying self-determination theory to understand the BME attainment gap. Studies in Higher Education, 46(3), 534–547.

Burdsey, 2022 Burdsey, D. (2022). Racism and English Football: For Club and Country. Routledge.

Burgess and Greaves, 2013 Burgess, S. , & Greaves, E. (2013). Test scores, subjective assessment, and stereotyping of ethnic minorities. Journal of Labour Economics, 31(3), 535–576.

Busby, 2020 Busby, M. (2020, August 16). BAME children three times more likely to have a Taser weapon used on them by police. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/16/bame-children-three-times-more-likely-to-have-taser-used-on-them-by-police. Accessed on November 09, 2023.

Butler, 2023 Butler, D. (2023). A purposeful life. Torva.

Byrne et al., 2020 Byrne, B. , Alexander, C. , Khan, O. , Nazroo, J. , & Shankley, W. (2020). Ethnicity, race and inequality in the UK. Polity Press.

Campbell, 2016 Campbell, P. I. (2016). Football, ethnicity and community: The life of an African-Caribbean football club. Peter Lang.

Campbell, 2020 Campbell, P. I. (2020). Education training, retirement and career transition for ex-professional footballers: ‘From being idolised to stacking shelves’. Emerald Publishing Limited.

Campbell and Populism, 2021 Campbell, P. I. (2021). Now you see ‘race’, now you don’t: The hyper-visibility and hyper-invisibility of race and Covid-19 in political and public health discourse. In T. clarke (Ed.), Populism, Pandemic and the Media: Journalism in the Age of Covid, Trump, Brexit and Johnson.

Campbell, 2022a Campbell, P. I. (2022a). Identifying and ‘tackling’ racial inequities in HE assessment. Learning & Teaching Conference. Metropolitan University.

Campbell, 2022b Campbell, P. I. (2022b). ‘Pray (ing) the person marking your work isn't racist’: Racialised inequities in HE assessment practice. Teaching in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2022.2109805

Campbell, 2023 Campbell, P. I. (2023). “My family's always like, make sure you pray that the person marking your work isn't racist”: Identifying and measurably reducing Racial Inequities in HE Assessment. Forum on Black awarding gaps & decolonisation. Cambridge University.

Campbell et al., 2022 Campbell, P. I. , Ajour, A. , Dunn, A. , Karavardra, H. , Nockels, K. , & Whittakers, S. (2022). Evaluating the racially inclusive curricula toolkit in HE’: Empirically measuring the efficacy and impact of making curriculum content racially inclusive on the educative experiences of students of colour in the UK. University of Leicester: Funded by The Centre for Transforming Access and Student Outcomes in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.25392/leicester.data.21724658.v1

Campbell et al., 2021 Campbell, P. I. , Hawkins, C. , & Osman, S. (2021). Tackling racial inequalities in assessment in higher education: A multi-disciplinary case study. University of Leicester: Funded by the Strategic Priorities Fund QR Allocation for Evidence-Based Policy Research. https://le.ac.uk/-/media/uol/docs/institution/tackling-racial-inequalities-in-assessment-in-he-may-21.pdf

Channock, 2000 Channock, K. (2000). Comments on essays: Do students understand what tutors write? Teaching in Higher Education, 5(1), 95–105.

Codiroli-Mcmaster, 2021 Codiroli-Mcmaster, N. (2021). Ethnicity awarding gaps in UK higher education in 2019/20. Advance HE.

Cousin and Cureton, 2012 Cousin, G. , & Cureton, D. (2012). Disparities in Student Attainment (DiSA). Higher Education Academy.

Cramer, 2021 Cramer, L. (2021). Alternative strategies for closing the award gap between white and minority ethnic students. eLife, 10, 58971. https://doi.org/10.7554%2FeLife.58971. Accessed on June 30, 2022.

Dal Bianco, 2022 Dal Bianco, S. (2022). Reflecting about the BAME awarding gap at UCL Economics. UCL Education Conference 2022: Transforming Assessment. University College London. https://reflect.ucl.ac.uk/education-conference-2022/2022/03/31/reflecting-about-the-bame-awarding-gap-at-ucl-economics/?fbclid=IwAR0KChtDl4DDU4TiAWyPiWuPHhYzEg2PPEPdCr5Y1aQ1-r78_b1Pa1petso#:∼:text=To%20summarise%3A%20mixed%20assessment%20strategies,BAME%20students%20and%20their%20needs. Accessed on August 15, 2023.

Darko, 2021 Darko, N. (2021). Engaging Black and minority ethnic groups in health research: ‘Hard to reach’. In Demystifying misconceptions. Policy Press.

Dodd, 2023 Dodd, V. (2023, February 19). Black people seven times more likely to die after police restraint in Britain, figures show. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/feb/19/black-people-seven-times-more-likely-to-die-after-police-restraint-in-britain-figures-show. Accessed on November 09, 2023.

Douglas Oloyede et al., 2021 Douglas Oloyede, F. , Christoffersen, A. , & Cornish CPsychol, T. (2021). Race equality charter review: Final report. Advance HE. https://s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets.creode.advancehe-document-manager/documents/advance-he/AdvHE_Race%20Equality%20Charter%20Review_1615534497.pdf. Accessed on March 02, 2021.

Ellis-Haque, 2023 Ellis-Haque, R. (2023, December 28). How can we encourage more prospective first-generation students to apply to university? Higher Education. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/campus/how-can-we-encourage-more-prospective-firstgeneration-students-apply-university?fbclid=IwAR1wexY267VDWLnXKQq4yx1Vi0exQxOEzINlONYt9LQi9apBomEyG50QaUg. Accessed on 28 December, 2023.

Fletcher, 2010 Fletcher, T. (2010). “Being inside and outside the field”. An exploration of identity, positionality and reflexivity in inter-racial research. In D. Chatziefstathiou & L. Mansfield (Eds.), Leisure identities and authenticity (pp. 77–96). LSA Publication.

Fulcher, 2021 Fulcher, G. . (2021). Calls to decolonise assessment do students a disservice. https://www.timeshighereducation.com. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/opinion/calls-decoloniseassessment-do-students-adisservice

Fulwood IIIS. 15.12, 2016 Fulwood, S., III . (2016, December 15). The United States’ history of segregated housing continues to limit affordable housing. americanprogress.org. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/the-united-states-history-of-segregated-housing-continues-to-limit-affordable-housing. Accessed on 12, 2022.

Garcia and Duncan, 2023 Garcia, C. A. , & Duncan, P. (2023, November 29). ‘Absolutely shameful’ UK ethnicity pay gap persists, figures show. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/29/absolutely-shameful-uk-ethnicity-pay-gap-persists-figures-show

Garner, 2009 Garner, S. (2009). Racisms: An introduction. Sage.

Gillborn, 2006 Gillborn, D. (2006). Critical race theory and education: Racism and anti-racism in educational theory and praxis. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 27(1), 11–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500510229

GOV.UK, 2020 GOV.UK . (2020). People living in deprived neighbourhoods. https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/uk-population-by-ethnicity/demographics/people-living-in-deprived-neighbourhoods/latest/. Accessed on July 17, 2023.

GOV.UK, 2023 GOV.UK . (2023). Education, skills and training. https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/education-skills-and-training/. Accessed on February 20, 2024.

Gunaratnam, 2003 Gunaratnam, Y. (2003). Researching ‘race’ and ethnicity: Methods, knowledge and power. Sage.

Herbert, 2007 Herbert, J. (2007). Negotiating boundaries in the city: Migration, ethnicity, and gender in Britain. Ashtongate.

Hinton and Higson, 2017 Hinton, D. H. , & Higson, H. (2017). Large-scale examination of the effectiveness of anonymous marking in reducing group performance differences in higher education assessment. PLoS One. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0182711

Hockings, 2010 Hockings, C. (2010). Inclusive learning and teaching: A synthesis of the research. Higher Education Academy. https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/inclusive-learning-andteaching-higher-education-synthesis-research

Jacobs, 2023 Jacobs, C. (Ed.). (2023). A new formation: How Black footballers shaped the modern game. Merky Books.

Joseph-Salisbury, 2020 Joseph-Salisbury, R. (2020). Race and racism in English secondary schools. https://www.runnymede trust.org/uploads/publications/pdfs/Runnymede%20Secondary%20Schools%20report% 20FINAL.pdf

Khuda and Kamruzzaman, 2021 Khuda, K. , & Kamruzzaman, P. (2021). Our white assessment: Minimising inequality in higher education for international students. The University of Lincoln Journal of Higher Education Research. ISSN 2516-7561.

King, 2004 King, C. (2004). Offside racism: Playing the White Man. Berg.

Kings College London, 2023 Kings College London . (2023). More than a third of people from minority groups in the UK have experienced racist assaults. Survey Finds News Centre. https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/more-than-a-third-of-people-from-minority-groups-in-the-uk-have-experienced-racist-assaults-survey-finds. Accessed on February 20, 2024.

Luxon and Zayed, 2020 Luxon, D. , & Zayed, A. (2020, June 16). Cambridge expert explains why ‘All Lives Matter’ completely misses the point. Cambridgeshire Live. https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/news/cambridge-news/cambridge-protests-all-lives-matter-18425709?fbclid=IwAR2y7RdDtS-YMcBfRLTdUUztiVW65YP1jad7OG-gZ7jv8Lono1Ifjp0EJXc. Accessed on July 26, 2023.

MacNell et al., 2015 MacNell, L. , Driscoll, A. , & Hunt, A. N. (2015). What's in a name: Exposing gender bias in student ratings of teaching. Innovative Higher Education, 40(4), 291–303.

Medes, 2023 Medes, K. (2023). Postdigitial teens: Gender, violence, and relationships online. Media Gender Research Group Seminar. University of Leicester. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcH3lka0t18. Accessed on October 11, 2023.

Meer, 2021 Meer, N. (2021). Discrimination based on your name alone is a stubborn reality in Britain today. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/aug/04/name-racial-discrimination-britain-racism-law

Meer, 2023 Meer, N. (2023). The cruel optimism of racial justice. Bristol University Press.

Meer and Chapman, 2015 Meer, N. , & Chapman, A. (2015). Co-creation of marking criteria: Students as partners in the assessment process. Business and Management Education in HE, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.11120/bmhe.2014.00008

Mendes, 2023 Mendes, K. (2023). ‘Postdigital Teens: Gender, Violence, and Relationships Online’ Media and Gender research group seminar. University of Leicester. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcH3lka0t18&t=4s. Accessed on December 12, 2023.

Milner, 2008 Milner, H. R. (2008). Critical race theory and interest convergence as analytic tools in teacher education policies and practices. Journal of Teacher Education, 59(4), 332–346.

Moncrieffe, 2020 Moncrieffe, M. (2020). Decolonising the history curriculum: Euro-centrism and primary schooling. Cham: Springer.

Morgan and Lambert, 2023 Morgan, J. , & Lambert, D. (2023). Race, racism and the geography curriculum. Bloomsbury.

Mountford-Zimdars et al., 2015 Mountford-Zimdars, A. , Sabri, D. , Moore, J. , Sanders, J. , Jones, S. , & Higham, L. (2015). Causes of differences in student outcomes. ARC Network and The University of Manchester. https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/23653/1/HEFCE2015_diffout.pdf. Accessed on July 14, 2022.

Mukherjee et al., 2019 Mukherjee, R. , Banet-Weiser, S. , & Gray, H. (Eds.). (2019). Racism: Post race. Duke Press.

Ofori, 2023 Ofori, M. (2023). Lack of diversity in teaching in England means minority ethnic pupils miss out. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2023/aug/29/lack-diversity-teaching-means-minority-ethnic-pupilsengland-miss-out#:~:text=In%20the%20north%2Deast%20of,east%20identified%20as%20black%2DAfrican. Accessed on August 29, 2023.

Rana et al., 2022 Rana, K. S. , Bashier, A. , Begum, F. , & Bartlett, H. (2022). Bridging the BAME attainment gap: Student and staff perspectives on tackling academic bias. Frontiers in Sociology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.868349

Raven, 2023 Raven, S. (2022). The (un)learning of whiteness and its relationship with being-white and developing social justice projects in Physical Education. PhD Thesis. University of Worcester.

Richardson, 2015 Richardson, J. T. E. (2015). The under-attainment of ethnic minority students in UK higher education: What we know and what we don't know. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 39(2), 278–291.

Rollock, 2022 Rollock, N. (2022). The racial code: Tales of resistance and survival. Penguin.

Rollock et al., 2014 Rollock, N. , Gillborn, D. , & Vincent, C. (2014). The colour of class: The educational strategies of the Black middle classes. Routledge.

Sabri, 2023 Sabri, D. (2023). Rethinking causality and inequality in students' degree outcomes' British. Journal of the Sociology of Education, 44(3), 520–538.

Saini, 2023 Saini, S. (2023). The racialised ‘second existence’ of class: Class identification and (de-/re-)construction across the British South Asian middle classes. Cultural Sociology, 17(2), 277–296.

Saleh, 2023 Saleh, A. (2023). Black British literature in the secondary English classroom. Changing English, 30(4), 342–358. https://doi.org/10.1080/1358684X.2023.2253178

Sewell et al., 2021 Sewell, T. , Aderin-Pocock , Chughtai, A. , Fraser, K. , Kakkar, A. , Khalid, N. , Moyo, D. , Muroki, M. , Oliver, M. , Shah, S. , & Olulode, K. (2021). Commission on race and ethnic disparities: The report. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6062ddb1d3bf7f5ce1060aa4/20210331_-_CRED_Report_-_FINAL_-_Web_Accessible.pdf. Accessed on November 09, 2023.

Shankley and Finney, 2020 Shankley, W. , & Finney, N. (2020). Ethnic minorities and housing in Britain. In B. Byrne , C. Alexander , O. Khan , J. Nazroo , & N. Shankley (Eds.), Ethnicity, race and inequality in the UK: State of the nation. Policy Press.

Singh, 2021 Singh, A. (2021). Exploring the racial habitus through John's story: On race, class and adaptation. The Sociological Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981211051519

Singh et al., 2022 Singh, S. , Pykett, J. , Kraftl, P. , Guisse, A. , Hodgson, F. , Humelnicu, U. E. , Keen, N. , Keita, S. , McNaney, N. , Menzel, A. , N’dri, K. , N'Goran, K. J. , Oldknow, G. , Tiene, R. , & Weightman, W. (2022). Understanding the ‘degree awarding gap’ in geography, planning, geology and environmental sciences in UK higher education through peer research. Journal of Geography in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2021.2007363. Accessed on June 12, 2022.

Smith, 2018 Smith, S. V. (2018). The experience of BME commuting students. Journal of Educational Innovation, Partnership and Change, 4(1). https://journals.studentengagement.org.uk/index.php/studentchangeagents/article/view/520. Accessed on November 11, 2023.

Solomos, 2003 Solomos, J. (2003). Race and racism in Britain (3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.

Song, 2015 Song, M. (2015). Does a recognition of mixed race move us toward post-race? In K. Murji & S. Solomos (Eds.), Theories of race and ethnicity: Contemporary debates and perspectives. Cambridge University Press.

Sweet, 2019 Sweet, P. L. (2019). The sociology of gaslighting. American Sociological Review, 84(5), 851–875.

Takhar, 2023 Takhar, S. (2023). The student voice: Decolonising the curriculum. Equity in Education and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/27526461231192671

Talking Race Podcast, 2021 Talking Race Podcast . (2021). Race and Britain with Les Back. https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/race-and-britain-with-les-back/id1523519574?i=1000538185277. Accessed on January 02, 2022.

TASO, 2022a TASO . (2022a). Summary report: What works to tackle mental health inequalities in higher education. https://taso.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Summary_What-works-to-tackle-mental-health-inequalities-in-higher-education_AW-Secured.pdf. Accessed on July 12, 2022.

TASO, 2022b TASO . (2022b). The impact of curriculum reform on the ethnicity degree awarding gap. The Centre for Transforming Assessment and Student Outcomes. https://s33320.pcdn.co/wp-content/uploads/Full-report-the-impact-of-curriculum-reform-on-the-ethnicity-degree-awarding-gap.pdf. Accessed on November 09, 2023.

The Australian, 2023 The Australian . (2023, April 7). Non-Anglo pay revealed. https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/the-deal-magazine/ethnic-pay-gap-workers-from-the-middle-east-africa-asia-face-discrimination/news-story/8c3ab6dd01790bd957e1f141d07e5595#:∼:text=According to MindTribes chief executive,largest pay gap of all

Ugiagbe-Green and Ernsting, 2022 Ugiagbe-Green, I. , & Ernsting, F. (2022). The wicked problem of B(A)ME degree award gaps and systemic racism in our universities. Frontiers in Sociology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.971923

Wallace, 2017 Wallace, D. (2017). Reading ‘race’ in Bourdieu? Examining Black cultural capital among Black Caribbean Youth in South London. Sociology, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038516643478

Wallace, 2019 Wallace, D. (2019). The racial politics of cultural capital: Perspectives from Black middle-class pupils and parents in a London comprehensive. Cultural Sociology, 13(2), 159–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/1749975519839521

Wallace and Joseph-Salisbury, 2021 Wallace, D. , & Joseph-Salisbury, R. (2021). How, still, is the Black Caribbean child made educationally subnormal in the English school system? Ethnic and Racial Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2021.1981969

Warikoo, 2016 Warikoo, N. K. (2016). The diversity bargain: And other dilemmas of race, admissions, and meritocracy at elite universities. University of Chicago Press.

Wright, 1992 Wright, C. (1992). Early Education: Multiracial primary school classrooms. In D. Gill , B. Mayor , & M. Blair (Eds.), Racism and education: Structure and strategies. Sage.