Actors and Affiliations

Citation

Spitzer, P.A. (2023), "Actors and Affiliations", Empowering Female Climate Change Activists in the Global South: The Path Toward Environmental Social Justice (Diverse Perspectives on Creating a Fairer Society), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 155-159. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80382-919-720231009

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2023 Peggy Ann Spitzer

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Cases	Topics	Names of Actors/Affiliations
1. Belize – Fragments of Hope	Restoring endangered coral reefs using women in power and members of the local community	Nation-to-nation: University of California Santa Cruz, University of West Indies, University of Belize; Penn State University of Miami, USF
		Independent Actors: Women scientists
		Journalists (e.g., the Guardian)
		International: UNFCCC Women for Results; Audubon Society; Sandwatch (UNESCO); GEF/SGP/Oak Foundation; Coral Restoration Foundation
		Regional: Trinidad, Jamaica, Mexico, Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute in San Andres, Colombia
		Local NGOs/interests: Non-profits in Belize; local funders and community members; Plascencia Tour Guide Association; fisher’s coop; Fisheries Administrator; Belize Fisheries Department; Minister of the Environment; Southern Environmental Association; TIDE; private entrepreneurs
2. Guatemala – The Meal Flour Project	Introducing new dietary supplement to poor families (women-run) (indigenous)	Nation-to-nation: University of Chicago, the Bay Area Global Health Innovation Challenge, the University of Chicago’s College New Venture Challenge, and the Clinton Global Initiative University Resolution Project Fellowship, University of Wisconsin
		Local NGOs/interests: A local clinic in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala (Primeros Pasos); San Carlos University; Candelária communities; village of Huehuetenango; Fuyndacion Contra el Hambre [Anti-Hunger Foundation], Grenadillo community (Mam indigenous communities)
		International: UNFCCC GJCS; expand to Kenya; WEDO; CTCN
3. Guatemala – Foundation for Ecodevelopment and Conservation	Organized healthcare for indigenous women	Local NGOs/interests: Guatemala City; surrounding rural communities; national NGOs; healthcare centers; staff and indigenous communities; midwives; legal system
		Nation-to-nation: Regional Central American Organizations
		International: UNFCCC; EU funding
4. Colombia – ENDA	Organized women’s recycling collectives to protect local lands and deconstruct patriarchal frames	Local NGOs/interests: Jesuit institutions (IAP – research action, and participation), including Catholic schools; rural Colombia; Technical and Pedagogical University of Colombia; underserved communities in areas near Bogotá; feminist movement in Colombia; recycling families; Colombian government; Hunsuhua indigenous group
		International: Geneva Third World; Women of the World (French Development Agency) with contacts in Mali, Senegal, and Bolivia; ENDA’s Communal Bank in Venezuela; Neighborhoods of the World; international “Solidarity Market”; WECF (French chapter)
5. Vietnam – Improved Cookstoves	Disseminated environmentally friendly cookstoves	Local NGOs/interests: Vietnam Women’s Union (The WU has 13 million members in 10,472 local women’s unions in communes and towns throughout the country); Con Cuông district involved about 300 women; Nghe Province:
		Nation-to-nation: USAID
		International: Stockholm Environment Institute; University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, in Vienna, Austria
6. Thailand – Women Conservationists and the Media	Showcased women activists in the mass media	Local NGOs/interests: All universities in Thailand – Suan Dusit Rajabhat University, a graduate degree from Naresuan University, and a graduate degree from Kasem Bundit University; 10 (out of 76) provinces for her solar farms; problems with politicians using positions to enrich family businesses (Yingluck Shinawatra – Thailand first female prime minister)
		Independent actors: Role of one female journalist for the Bangkok Post, who did publish on female climate change activists Karnjana Karnjanatawe; and another female architect (Thailand’s secret climate change weapon)
		International: Momentum for Change Women for Results award through the UNFCCC; no commitment to Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
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		Independent actors: Chulalongkorn University; Zoo and Wildlife Society of Thailand; University’s Central Institute of Forensic Science to push back against politicians and government bureaucrats; with Mahidol University, the Thailand Hornbill Project, KhaoYai National Park, the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, and the PTTE (a national energy company that promotes sustainability); Tambon Administrative Organization and subsequently became vice president of the Sea Conservation Association of Chana
		Local NGOs/interests: Protests against the Thai government; and hesitancy to help poor communities; network that connected 480 communities nationwide (titled “The Community of Networks on Social and Political Reform”); Assembly of the Poor, the People’s Movement for a Just Society, the Four Regions Slums Network, and the Northern Farmers Federation; negotiate between opposing interest groups at the national level and effectively challenge international organizations such as International: the Asian Development Bank and Japan’s Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund; IUCN; University of Salzburg (Austria); domestic and international scientific NGOs; Rolex award and with colleagues at Meijo University in Japan. Wildlife Sanctuary in Malaysia; World Commission on Dams
7. Italy – Progetto Quid	Provides job opportunities for poor and disenfranchised women who learned to recycle waste created by the fashion industry	Local NGOs/interests: women who had suffered domestic abuse, those who had completed prison terms for drug and alcohol-related crimes, and migrant sex workers from Nigeria and the Ivory Coast. Based in Verona and Milan
		International: UNFCCC’s Women for Results; for the future, an EU scale, Portugal, Spain, and Greece; possibility of setting up operations in Bangladesh
8. Türkiye – Imece Inisifiyati	Trains women in Syrian refugee camps to assemble and sell solar batteries	Local NGOs/interests: Izmir, Türkiye, Syrian refugee women; invisible populations such as the historically nomadic Dom communities that face a great deal of discrimination in Türkiye today; over four million displaced persons in Türkiye and only 5% in official settlement camps (of Çeşme in Izmir Province, forming communal villages) – not recognized by the Turkish government; contacts with small local doctors and businesses; at times, the Coast Guard; Raja Foundation and Eurofins Foundation (for funding)
		International: a network of a few hundred volunteers from Japan, Argentina, and Brazil; The Barefoot College in India, Doctors without Borders, UN Refugee Agency; Paris Sorbonne; French non-profit, Singa
9. Uganda – Women’s Empowerment for Resilience and Adaptation Against Climate Change	Structures financial support for women farmers, who are uniformly marginalized, to implement farming methods that reduced carbon emissions and upgraded their social status	Local NGOs/interests: In Uganda’s local districts of local districts of Kamuli, Buyende, Iganga, Kaliro, and Jinja; Makerere University with a master’s degree in computer science and information management while working as a project manager for VEDCO (Volunteer Efforts for Development Concerns); 250,000 women pooled their resources; Unresponsive Ugandan government; lack of government enforcement of gender equity policies; try to extend to Ethiopia and Somalia, and India
		Nation-to-nation In the United States, Innovations for Poverty Action, which has helped over 20 countries in the Global South
		International: UNFCCC Women for Results Program; United Nations World Food Program; United Nations Development Program (UNDP); UNDP-GEF, CARE International, Plan International, CORDAID Netherlands, and USAID
10. Tunisia – Association of Environmental Education for Future Generations	Targeted local communities to influence decision makers and get rid of dangerous chemicals	Local NGOs/interests: Trained 40 women in Tunisia – centered toward national change; educate young Tunisians; works to influence decision makers; national Ministry of Health; 2022, three Tunisian ecofeminists had established three different organizations to introduce innovative ways to support women and promote environmentalism – BlueTN (Mayssa Sandli). She is the Goal (Soumaya Razgallah), and Chai Kbir (Mayssem Marzouki)
		Regional: regional hub for the International Pollutants Elimination Network.
		International: UN Women Arab States; also has worked with the Women Environmental Programme that is supported by the European Union through the Women2030 project.
		sponsored by Oxfam International and Kvinna till Kvinna [Woman to Woman] (a Swedish foundation) that promotes women’s rights in more than 20 war- and conflict-affected countries in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and the South Caucasus