Index

Citation

Berberoglu, B. (2024), "Index", Class and Inequality in the United States (Emerald Studies in Class Inequality), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80043-752-420240009

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2024 Berch Berberoglu

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INDEX

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

, 88–89

American society

, 19–27, 40, 49, 54, 95–98

class divisions in

, 6, 51, 62

contemporary class structure of

, 19–21

Analytical approach

, 4–7

Assets, ownership of by race

, 36–41

Big business, and monopoly

, 45, 53, 56, 59, 66n45, 69, 89, 90, 91

Bill of Rights, U.S.

, 15

Black workers

, 18, 72

super-exploitation of

, 72

Blacks

occupational structure of

, 74

oppression of

, 68

slavery and

, 8, 13, 14, 17, 68, 78

unemployment rate of

, 72, 74–75, 76

Budget deficits, annual

, 60–61

Buffet, Warren

, 21, 31

Butler, Smedley D.

, 53

Capital

, 3

accumulation of

, 3–4, 14, 55

concentration and centralization of

, 50

and labor

, 20

monopoly

, 51

rise of U. S.

, 51

Capitalism

, 8, 68

central feature of

, 67

contradictions of

, 62

development of in the United States

, 16–19

plantation slavery to modern capitalism

, 13–16

Capitalist class

, 19, 49

as the ruling class

, 4–5

Capitalist order, protection of private property and maintenance of

, 55

Capitalist state

, 5–6, 8, 13, 20, 22–23, 50–57, 60–64

fiscal crisis of

, 60–64

formation and tempering of capitalist-class will

, 55

ideological apparatuses of

, 5–6

operation and maintenance of state and bureaucratic organs

, 55

powers and functions of the capitalist state in the United States

, 54–57

protection of private property and maintenance of capitalist order

, 55

U.S.: controlled by the capitalist class

, 20

Capitalist system

, 54

preservation of legitimacy

, 55

Capitalist-class will, formation and tempering of

, 55

Capitalists

, 2–3

Civil War, U.S.

, 13–14, 50, 87

Class

, 1, 67, 83, 95

analysis approach

, 4, 78

balance of class forces

, 85

capitalist

, 19, 49

conflict

, 20

consciousness

, 84–87

divisions

, 21–22

effects of gender on

, 67

effects of race on

, 67

ideology

, 85–86

inequality

, 27

interests

, 70

nature of racial oppression

, 68–69

nature of women’s oppression

, 70–71

origins and role of the state in the United States

, 50–54

and other forms of inequality

, 7–9

polarization

, 83–84

practices

, 7

relations

, 2, 7

self-employed

, 19

structure of the U.S.

, 19

theoretical and conceptual framework

, 2–4

in the United States

, 21–23

working (wage-labor)

, 19

Class struggles

, 83–91

capitalist state and

, 5

class war

, 13, 21, 86, 89

social classes and

, 2

in the United States

, 87–89

Class-based exploitation

, 8

Class-consciousness

, 19

objective and subjective factors in the development of

, 86

Class-for-itself

, 84

Class-in-itself

, 84

Class war

, 13, 21, 86, 89

Cold War

, 58

Colonization of Americas

, 13

Committee for Economic Development

, 57

Communist Party

, 88

Concentration of wealth

, 27–33

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

, 18, 88–89, 92n21

Constitution, U.S., framers of

, 15

Contemporary class structure of the United States

, 19–21

Corporate lobbying of state officials

, 56

Corporate-linked policy-planning groups

, 57

Corporate profits

, 41, 46

Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)

, 57

Countercyclical policies

, 55

Counter-hegemony

, 12n27

Debt

, 55

national

, 60

net interest paid on

, 60

Direct subsidization of private corporations

, 55

Disparities in income

, 43–44

Distribution

of income

, 41–44

of wealth

, 33–36

Domhoff, G. William

, 37

Du Bois, W. E. B.

, 18, 68–69, 78–79

Earnings

by gender, race, and Hispanic origin

, 76

median weekly earnings of full-time workers

, 75–76

Economic crisis

, 28

Economy, U.S., monopoly control of

, 49

Employment structure by race and gender

, 73–75

(see also Unemployment)

Exploitation

of wage-labor

, 3, 4, 19, 44, 59, 83

of working women

, 7, 67, 72, 77

Family wealth

, 28, 35, 37–40

Federalist Papers

, 16

Feminism, contemporary

, 71

(see also Gender; Patriarchy; Women)

Financial wealth, distribution of

, 33–34

Fiscal crisis of the U.S. state

, 60–64

Forbes 400

, 53

Frazier, E. Franklin

, 69

Gates, Bill

, 31

Gender

, 67

and class

, 70

and employment

, 73–75

functions of racism and sexism

, 71–73

historical background

, 68–71

inequality in income and employment

, 73–77

intersection of with class and race

, 77–79

oppression

, 8

wage gap and employment structure

, 75–77

Gendered division of labor

, 77

Global expansion of U.S. capital

, 58–59

Globalization, capitalist

, 60

Great Depression of the 1930s

, 1, 52, 87–88

Great Recession of 2008–2009

, 28, 42, 62

Hispanics

, 37–38, 40

occupational structure of

, 74

Ideological hegemony

, 4–6, 22, 23, 55, 57

Ideological state apparatuses

, 5–6

Immigrants

Asian

, 19

Chinese

, 53

European

, 19, 53

Mexican

, 53

racial and class oppression of

, 18

workers

, 88

Income

average income before taxes

, 44

concentration of

, 27–32

distribution

, 41–44

growth in U. S. household income

, 43

inequality

, 41–44

median annual income by race and Hispanic origin

, 73

money income

, 73

money income of families

, 73

share of aggregate by each fifth

, 42

sources of

, 44–46

Indirect subsidization of private corporations

, 55

Industrial unions

, 88

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

, 18, 88, 92n21

Inequality

, 1, 83, 95

analytical approach

, 4–7

class and other forms of

, 7–9, 27

gender

, 73–75

income

, 41–44

multi-dimensional aspects of

, 10

racial

, 36–41, 72

social

, 1–2, 8–9, 22, 96

theoretical and conceptual framework

, 2–4

in the United States

, 21–23

wealth and income

, 27–46

International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU)

, 89

Intersection of class, race, and gender

, 77–79

Jefferson, Thomas

, 51–52

Kennedy, John Fitzgerald

, 52

Knights of Labor

, 88

Labor

, 3

exploitation of

, 3, 4, 19, 44, 59, 83

force

, 55

movement

, 87, 90

power

, 13

productivity of

, 44

share of in production

, 45

U.S.

, 88, 89

vs. capital

, 44

Lincoln, Abraham

, 3, 49, 52

Madison, James

, 16

Master–slave relationship

, 14

Median wealth gap

between white and black families

, 38

between white and Hispanic families

, 39

Middle class, old and new

, 19

Military, purchases; spending

, 59–60

Military-Industrial Complex

, 52, 59

Monopoly capitalism, profiteers of

, 62

Motive force of capitalist production

, 4

Native Americans

, 15

Net worth

, 51

distribution of

, 52

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

, 59

Occupational structure

of blacks and Hispanics

, 74

by gender

, 77

by race

, 77

One Big Union

, 88

(see also Industrial Workers of the World, IWW)

Oppression

, 67

class

, 18

gender

, 7–8, 10

racial

, 18

Parenti, Michael

, 14, 22

Patriarchy

, 67

(see also Sexism; Women, oppression of)

Perlo, Victor

, 68

Permanently unemployed

, 19

Plantation slavery to modern capitalism

, 13–16

Post-Colonial America

, 2

Poverty

, 3, 37, 62, 72

Presidents of the United States, wealth of

, 51–52

Pro-capitalist Think Tanks

, 57

Production, labor’s share in

, 44–45

Profits, corporate

, 46

Public policy

, 57

Race

, 67

and class

, 68–69

and employment

, 73–75

functions of racism and sexism

, 71–73

historical background

, 68–69

and income

, 73–75

intersection of with class

, 77–79

relations

, 68–69

Racial divide in distribution of wealth

, 36–40

Racial gap

in wages

, 73–75

in wealth

, 36–41

Racial inequality

class nature of

, 49

in income and employment

, 73–77

origins of in the U.S.

, 49

Racial oppression

, 67

class nature of

, 68–69

Racial wage gap and employment structure

, 73–75

Racism

, 10, 67

functions of

, 71–73

Rand Corporation

, 57

Rich, the

20 richest people in the U.S.

, 31–32

20 richest families in the U.S.

, 29–30

Rockefeller Foundation

, 57

Ruling class

, 15

domination and control

, 67

ideological hegemony of

, 4–6, 22, 57

and the state

, 51

United States

, 15

Self-employed

, 19

Sexism

, 10, 67

(see also Patriarchy)

functions of

, 71–73

Slave mode of production

, 13

Slavery

, 8, 13, 14, 17, 68, 78

abolition of

, 16

Social change

, 8, 83

prospects for

, 89–91

Social class

, 1, 7, 10, 19, 20, 54, 84, 86

Social nature of production

, 2

Social relations

, 8

class dynamics of

, 4

Social-economic inequalities

, 21

Socialist Party

, 88

Standard of living, declining

, 44

State, U.S.

capitalist

, 22–23, 49

class origins of

, 13

crisis of

, 60

domination of by the capitalist class

, 49

fiscal crisis of

, 60–64

rise of to the global scene

, 57–60

powers and functions of

, 9

role of

, 9

state-sanctioned self-regulation of corporations

, 56

the guardian of the capitalist ruling class

, 51

the supreme political institution

, 49

as a capitalist state

, 21–23

Stock market crash

, 55, 62

Surplus value

, 2–3, 20, 44, 45, 11n9

created by labor

, 2

the rate of

, 45

(see also Exploitation of labor)

Survey of Consumer Finances

, 27, 34–35

Trade unions

, 72, 87–89

role of communist organizers in

, 88–89, 92n21

Trans-Atlantic slave trade

, 14

Transformation of American society

, 97

Trilateral Commission

, 56

U.S. labor force

, 17

proletarianization of

, 17

U.S. empire

, 14

global capitalist expansion

, 9–10

imperialism

, 95

Unemployment

, 55, 72, 74–76

average annual by race and Hispanic origin

, 55, 75

United Auto Workers (UAW)

, 90, 92n21

United Electrical, Radio, and Machine Workers of America (UE)

, 89

United States

, 13, 83

advancing interests of U.S. transnational corporations worldwide

, 56

Bill of Rights

, 15

capitalist class structure, development in

, 16–19

class origins and role of the state in

, 50–54

class structure of

, 4, 19–21

class struggles in

, 87–89

class-based inequalities in

, 4, 21–23

Constitution

, 14–16

contemporary class structure of

, 19–21

powers and functions of the capitalist state in

, 54–57

rise of U.S. capital and state to the global scene

, 57–60

Wage-labor

, 9, 13

Wages

, 18, 20

inflation and

, 1970–2022, 62–63

War Is a Racket (Smedley D. Butler)

, 53

Washington, George

, 51

Wealth

, 27

accumulation of

, 10

concentration of

, 27–33

concentration and centralization of

, 33

distribution

, 33–36

and income inequality

, 8

racial divide in the distribution of

, 36–40

sources of

, 44–46

Wealth gap

average real wealth gaps

, 38

median wealth gap between white and black families

, 38

Wealth inequality

average wealth of top 1 percent

, 30

extent of

, 27–44

household net worth

, 36

racial

, 36–41

sources of

, 44–46

Wealthy, the

20 richest families in the United States

, 29–30

20 richest people in the United States

, 31–32

Women

and class

, 67

liberation of

, 70

rights of

, 70

subordination of

, 70

and the working-class family

, 70

Women’s oppression, class nature of

, 70–71

(see also Patriarchy)

Working class

, 19–20, 84

exploitation of

, 3, 4, 19, 44, 59, 83

family

, 70

multinational and multiracial

, 17–18

oppression of

, 70–71

struggles

, 19, 86, 88

Working women

, 70

super-exploitation of

, 67

World War II

, 58