Index
Brenda Mathijssen
(University of Groningen, The Netherlands)
Claudia Venhorst
(Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands)
Funerary Practices in the Netherlands
ISBN: 978-1-78769-876-5, eISBN: 978-1-78769-873-4
Publication date: 19 September 2019
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Mathijssen, B. and Venhorst, C. (2019), "Index", Funerary Practices in the Netherlands (Funerary International), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 209-221. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-873-420191011
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019 Brenda Mathijssen and Claudia Venhorst
INDEX
A-statement
, 163
Advertising
, 54
Aefferden, Josephine van
, 141–142
Alkaline hydrolysis
, 35–36
All Souls’ Day
, 188–190, 191–196
Amsterdam
, 1–2, 19–20, 40–41, 52–53, 73, 82–83, 142–144, 153–155, 160–162, 172–173, 192–193, 196, 199
Anonymous death
, 125–126
Apeldoorn Funeral Society
, 40–41
Apeldoornsche Begrafenisvereeniging
, 40–41
Après la Vie Academie
, 47
Ar-Raza, Almere
, 118–119
Arbeiders Vereeniging voor Lijkverbranding (AVVL)
, 17–19, 40–41, 155–156
Arbowet. See Working Conditions Legislation
Architecture
, 160–162
Archive of Stones
, 117–118, 134
Ardanta
, 44–45
Arnhem
, 53
Artists
, 181, 183
Arya Samaadj
, 83
Ashes. See Cremated remains
Ashes jewellery
, 38, 180–181
Ashes, retrieval of
, 178–180
Assisted suicide
, 25–26, 28
Association for Entrepreneurs in the Funeral World (VOU)
, 45
Association of Non-Profit Funeral Societies (LSUW)
, 45–46
Association to Introduce Cremation in the Netherlands
, 17–19, 152–153, 156
Auditorium
, 168–170
Auschwitz Committee Netherlands
, 192–193
Autopsy. See Cause of death
B-statement
, 163
Basisregistratie Personen (BRP)
, 36–37
Bergerbos, natural burial
, 108, 112, 119–122, 132–133
Besluit op de Lijkbezorging. See Corpse Disposal Act
Bier
, 91, 99
Bloemendaal military cemetery
, 194
Blogs
, 191
BRANA
, 121
Brancheblad Uitvaartzorg
, 45
Branchevereniging Gecertificeerde Nederlandse Uitvaartondernemingen (BGNU)
, 45
Brands, architect
, 143–144
Brands, Wim
, 197–198
Büch, Boudewijn
, 196–197
Burial
, 11–12, 16, 26, 29–31, 58–59, 74, 98–99, 105, 157–159
ashes
, 194
authorities
, 58
in churches
, 11–12, 13–16, 105
clearance
, 130
definition
, 28
fees
, 132–133
groundwater
, 1–2, 108, 127
grounds
, 106–107, 108, 111, 112, 119–120, 128, 132–133, 142–143
insurance
, 59–61
numbers of
, 107, 108–109, 147–148
pressure on space
, 1–2, 15
soil
, 121
types
, 109
Burial Act 1869
, 105–106, 109, 153, 156, 162–164
Calvinism
, 9–10
and burial
, 11–12, 138
and cremation
, 10–12
and history
, 9–10
in the Netherlands
, 9–11
Calvinist funerary practices
, 10–12
Calvinist members
, 10–11
Cancer
, 24
Caribbean
, 1, 74
Catafalque
, 99, 169–170
Catholic Church
, 19
and consecration
, 112–113
and cremation
, 19
history
, 9–10
and members
, 157
in the Netherlands
, 81, 113–115
Catholic funeral liturgy
, 81, 95
Cause of death
, 13–15, 25–26, 28, 69, 94, 163, 198
Cemeteries
, 105
Amsterdam
, 142
architecture
, 132–133, 160–162
Beth Haim
, 117–118, 144–145
chapels
, 16–17, 105, 111
children
, 65, 188
clearing
, 130
closing
, 31
De Nieuwe Ooster
, 142–144
Dwingeloo
, 117–118
Glanerbrug
, 146–147
governance
, 193–194
Groningen
, 131–132
landscaping
, 132–133
layout
, 127
legalities
, 29, 30
maintenance
, 17–19, 153
management
, 109–111, 129, 132–134, 135–137
Marken
, 138, 140
Muiderberg
, 82–83
municipal
, 30, 108, 109, 111, 113–115, 131–132, 135–137, 147–148
natural
, 121
Oude Oosterbegraafplaats
, 142
Ouderkerk aan de Amstel
, 82–83, 117–118, 143–144
overcrowding
, 107
ownership
, 151–152
pet
, 123–125
pillarisation
, 2–3
Roermond
, 140–142
sections within
, 16–17
Sint Michelsgestel
, 148–149
special
, 30–31, 112–125
stillborn
, 65, 188
Syrian Orthodox
, 146–147
Usselo
, 183–184
Volendam
, 138–140
War
, 122–123, 193–194
Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek
, 6, 23
Certificate of Death
, 28, 59, 65
Charging the cremator
, 98, 171–172, 174
Charitable donations at funerals
, 78
Chevra Kadisha
, 82–83
Children
funeral costs
, 65
graves
, 138–140, 142
legislation
, 36–37
Christian theology
, 112–113
Christianity in the Netherlands
, 6
Church community
, 80–81
See also Parish
Churchyards. See Special cemeteries
Celebrants
, 58–59, 78
Clearing graves
, 108–109, 130, 153
Code Pénal
, 13–15
See also Napoleonic Code
Coffin
, 28, 30, 77–78, 88–89, 99, 127, 171, 174, 177–178
bearers
, 99
biodegradable
, 30, 75–76
costs
, 77
and cremation service
, 98
and shroud
, 75–77
Columbaria
, 127–128
Commemoration
, 195–196
cemetery
, 187
holocaust
, 191–196
at home
, 187
MH17
, 199–200
plaques
, 194
virtual
, 190–191
war
, 191–196
Commercials
, 54–56
Committal
, 98–99
Commonwealth War Graves Commission
, 193–194
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
, 115
Consensus decision making. See Poldermodel
Conservation
, 86
Continuing bonds
, 115–116
Cooperation
, 156
Coroner
, 25–26, 28, 69
Corpse Disposal Act 1955
, 26–34, 107, 156–157, 162–164
Corpse Disposal Act 1991
, 20–21, 122, 125–126, 180–181
Cortege
, 89–90, 91
Covering
, 127, 129, 134, 177–178
See also Coffin
Cremated remains
, 71, 115, 163–164, 166–167, 174–175, 178, 180–181
and commemoration
, 188
and Hinduism
, 183–184
at home
, 180–181
and modes of disposal
, 115
in public places
, 199
and Protestantism
, 121
and Roman Catholicism
, 115
Cremation
, 17–19, 28, 31–32, 98–99, 151
certification
, 162–166
costs
, 58–59
and emancipation movement
, 17–19
environment
, 38
first
, 17–19, 153–156, 174
history
, 17–19
legalisation
, 34–35, 159
number of
, 107, 159, 160
process
, 174–175
propaganda
, 156
services
, 159, 166–167, 168–170
technical
, 59–61, 63, 64–65, 174–175
waiting period
, 34–35, 164
Cremator room
, 98, 166–167, 171–173, 178
Crematoria
, 19–20, 31, 38, 58–59, 76–77, 78, 99–100, 123–125, 151, 171
architecture
, 160–162
auditoriums
, 168–170
governance
, 156–157
legislation
, 26–27, 164
logistics
, 166–178
management
, 129, 132–134, 135–137
municipal
, 31
numbers of
, 19, 157
ownership
, 152
private
, 159
staffing
, 132–133
time slots
, 168–169
Cremulation
, 178
Creole
, 44, 87
Cryomeren
, 35–36
De Nieuwe Ooster
, 142–144, 160–162, 172–173
De Vereeniging tot Invoering der Lijkverbranding in Nederland
, 17–19, 152–153
Dead bodies
care of
, 33, 84–89
dressing
, 85
embalming
, 86
Muslim
, 85, 97
ritual washing
, 82, 85, 87, 97
thanatopraxy
, 86, 88–89
transport
, 75–76, 89–90
viewing
, 87–89
washing
, 85–86, 87
Death
, 11–12, 23–24, 68–70, 187
causes of
, 24
notices
, 75
number of
, 23–24, 108–109
place of
, 24, 68
registration
, 13–15
Deathbed
, 10–11, 68–69, 83
Dekker, Eduard Douwes. See Multatuli
DELA
, 38, 40–41, 44–45, 53, 55
Demographic context
, 23
Digital recording
, 99–100
Dinariwroko
, 87
Direct cremation. See Technical cremation
Diversity
, 3–6
Do-it-yourself funerals
, 52
Docendo
, 47
Dodenbussen
, 13
Dodenherdenking
, 19–20, 191–192
Donation
, 78
Dordrecht Synod
, 10–11
Dr C.J. Vaillant
, 153–155, 184–185
Driehuis
, 153–155, 159–162
Droog, Bart FM
, 73
Dutch Association of Approved Funeral Entrepreneurs (NUVU)
, 45
Dutch Association of Certified Dutch Funeral Enterprises (BGNU)
, 45
Dutch Reformed Church
, 9–11, 81, 115–116, 157
Dutch Republic
, 10
Dutch Revolt
, 9–10
Eastern Orthodox Church (Syrian)
, 146–147
Education
, 47–48
Eighteenth century
, 12–17
Eighty Years’ War
, 9–10
Eindhoven
, 40–41, 53, 199–200
Embalming
, 86
prohibition on
, 33
repatriation
, 33
royal family
, 86
Enlightenment
, 13
Environmental concerns
, 160–162
Eucharist
, 96
Euthanasia
, 20–21, 24–26
Exhumation
, 30, 130, 144
Facebook
, 54–55, 190–191
Facultatieve
, 156, 160–162
Family graves
, 140–141
Fields of honour
, 193–194
Flowers
, 77–78
Fock, minister
, 152–153
Foetus
, 65
Fortuyn, Pim
, 196
Foundation for Funeral Care Examinations (Stivu)
, 47
Foundation Quality Mark Funeral Care (SKU)
, 47–48
Franchise
, 44–45
Funeral
associations
, 42–43, 52
attendance at
, 13–15
attire
, 16
charitable donations
, 78
Christian
, 74, 80–81, 91, 95–96
coffee-table
, 79, 103, 171
combined
, 59–61
cooperatives
, 43–44
costs
, 12–13
digital recording
, 99–100
directors
, 44, 47–49, 50–51, 52, 61–62, 87, 133–134, 200
do-it-yourself
, 52
endowment
, 59–61
foundations
, 42–43
funds, guilds
, 42–43
industry
, 34–36, 38, 46, 51–52
history
, 39–41
in-kind
, 59–62
insurance
, 39, 43–45, 59–62, 70, 75, 77
insurers
, 44–45, 54, 72–73
making arrangements
, 49, 70–74
museum Tot Zover
, 144
music
, 78, 171
Muslim
, 44
non-ecclesial
, 97–98
notices
, 75
personal
, 50–51
poverty
, 62–63
prayer
, 82, 97
secular
, 100
tailor-made
, 20–21, 67–68, 94
trade associations
, 45–46
training and qualifications
, 47
Funeral Act. See Corpse Disposal Act
GaandeweG Uitvaart Educatie
, 47
Gardens of Remembrance
, 188
Gemeentewege. See Municipality
Gender
, 50–53
General Synod of the Reformed Churches
, 157
Generality Lands
, 10
Gereformeerde Kerk
, 10
German War Graves Foundation
, 195
Ghusl
, 87
Goeie Mie. See Swanenburg, Maria Catharina
Grashoek
, 123–125
Grave
, 125–137
backfilling
, 99
clearing
, 109, 130
depth
, 127
digging
, 127–128
dimensions
, 128
general
, 29, 125–126, 130, 132–133, 138–140, 143–144
Islamic
, 118–119
Jewish
, 117–118
lease
, 143
objects
, 99, 116, 121–122, 135
private
, 29–30, 126–127, 129–130, 131–132, 138
Protestant
, 115–116
renewal fee
, 129
rights
, 129–130
Roman Catholic
, 112–115
terms
, 129–130
types
, 109, 125–126
visiting
, 116
with the hands
, 141–142
Grebbeberg Military Cemetery
, 122–123
Green burial. See Natural burial
Green cremation. See Resomation
Groesbeek
, 193–194
Gude, René
, 197–198
Guilds
, 12–13, 39–40, 42–43
Hazes, André
, 196
Hearses
, 199–200
Health Council of the Netherlands
, 35–36
Heritage
, 50–53
Heritage reallocation
, 53
Hervormde Kerk
, 9–10
Hindu
, 83, 183–184
ash scattering
, 183–184
priests. See Pandit
Holocaust
, 144, 191–193
Holocaust Names Memorial
, 192–193
Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II
, 13–15
Hospitals
, 48, 84–85, 189–190
House of Parliament
, 34–35
House of Representatives
, 26–27, 156
Humanist
, 74
Humanist Association
, 83–84
Humanistic celebrant
, 83–84
Identification stone
, 163–164, 174
Imam
, 81–82
Independent Islamic cemetery
, 118–119
Internet and funerary practice
, 190–191
Islam
, 148–149
Islamic cemeteries
, 118–119
Islamic funerary practice
, 68–69
Javanese
, 74, 148–149
Jewish
, 117–118
burial society, Joods begrafeniswezen
, 82–83
cemeteries
, 117–118
funerary practice
, 68–69
hospice
, 82–83
Judaism
, 82–83
Jurisprudence
, 37–38
Karres, architect
, 143–144
King Willem I
, 15
Koninklijke Facultatieve. See Association to Introduce Cremation in the Netherlands
KRO (Katholieke Radio Omroep)
, 188–189
Kuyper, Abraham
, 9–10
Labour workers
, 38
Law
, 30–31
on burial
, 15–16, 17–19
on cremation
, 162–166
on euthanasia
, 25–26
Lijkschouwing
, 69
Liturgical formats
, 95
Live-streaming funeral services
, 99–100
Local authorities
, 58, 62, 63, 72–73, 108, 159, 162–163
See also Municipality
Local Plans
, 31, 108
Loenen Field of Honour
, 122–123
Lonely death
, 73–74
Lonely Funeral Association
, 73
Margraten
, 193–194
Mariënhage convent
, 53
Marken
, 138–140
Marketing
, 51–52
Mass
, 135
Meander
, 47
Medical certificate of the cause of death
, 28, 59, 65
Medical practitioner
, 69
Medicalisation
, 20–21
Memorial services
, 73–74, 94–95, 196
Memorials
, 77–78, 103, 133–134, 145, 188
at cemeteries
, 187
and removal
, 31
and war
, 122–123
Metropolis
, 2
MH17
, 199–200
memorial park
, 200
Migration
, 3–6
Military cemetery
, 122–123
Minister
, 11–12, 16, 34–35, 80–81
Mokkenstorm, Jan
, 198
Monuments. See Memorials
Monuta
, 40–41, 44–45, 54–55, 131–132
Mortality rates
, 23–24
Mortuary
, 45, 84–85
technicians
, 48–49, 50–51, 84–85, 86
Mourning
attire
, 16, 19–20
cards
, 58–59, 75, 93–94
room
, 49–50, 53, 77, 87–88, 168
Muis, Albert
, 143–144
Multatuli
, 153–155
Multicultural
, 20–21
Municipal cemetery
, 30–31, 108, 109, 111, 113–115, 131–132, 138, 147–148
Municipal funeral services
, 63
Municipality
, 1, 15–16, 29–30, 31, 71, 72–73, 109–111
Music
, 78, 171
Muslim
, 6, 52, 68–69, 74, 79–80, 82, 87, 118–119, 147–148
burial
, 111, 118, 147–149
funerary practice
, 81–82, 97
Moroccan
, 81–82
Surinamese Javanese
, 148–149
Turkish
, 147–148
Napoleonic Code
, 13–15
NARDUS Cooperative Funeral Organisations
, 45–46
National Day of Mourning
, 19–20
National Remembrance of the Dead
, 19–20, 191–192
Natural burial
, 119–120, 121–122, 143–144
ground pets
, 123–125
grounds
, 108, 112, 119–122, 123–125, 132–133
Natuurmonumenten Nederland
, 119–120
Nederlandse Vereniging van Erkende Uitvaartondernemers (NUVU)
, 45
Netherlands statistics. See Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek
NHA
, 47
Nibud
, 57–58, 63–65
NIK
, 117–118
Nineteenth century
, 2–3, 4–5, 9–10, 106, 107, 109, 116, 164
Nuvema
, 44–45
Nuyten, H.C.P.
, 160–162
Ode aan de doden
, 188–189
Oosterbeek
, 193–194
Orders of service
, 93
Organisation of Jewish Communities in the Netherlands (NIK)
, 117–118
Orthodox Church Syrian cemetery
, 146–147
OrthoMetals
, 184–185
Pandit
, 83
Parish governance
, 112–115
Pastor
, 80–81
Perpetuity
, 118–119, 121
Personal Records Database Act (BRP)
, 36–37, 65
Personalised funerary practices
, 64–65, 78
Pet cemetery
, 123–125
Photographs
, 100, 121–122
Pillarisation
, 2–3
Planning
, 31, 72–73
Plots
, 111, 113–115, 147–149
Poel, Marius
, 160–162
Poldermodel
, 3
Population
, 2, 6, 15, 23–24, 35–36, 52–53, 153
Post-mortem care
, 28, 62, 69, 84–85
Poverty
, 62–63
Prayer cards
, 100–102
Prayers for the death
, 16, 81–82, 97, 99
Pre-paid funeral plans. See Funeral insurance
Price comparison websites
, 57–58, 78, 190–191
Priest
, 80–81
Protestant
cemeteries
, 116
Church in the Netherlands
, 6, 11–12, 16, 19, 95, 96, 115–116
funerary practices
, 10–12, 16–17, 80, 95, 96, 140
graves
, 116
Protestant Reformation
, 115–116
Protestantism. See Calvinism
Quality Mark Funeral Care
, 47–48
Randstad
, 2, 108, 131–133
Redevelopment
, 143–144
Reformation
, 10–11
Reformed Churches in the Netherlands
, 81, 116, 157
Religious Affiliation
, 8
Religious belief and funerary practice
, 85
Remembrance cards
, 100–102
Remembrance public
, 187
Repatriation
, 97, 164
Resomation
, 35–36
Ritual
, 50–51, 81, 82, 84
coaches
, 80–81, 84
washing
, 82, 85, 87, 97
Royal family
, 34, 86, 192
Ṣalāt al-Janāzah
, 97
Salvation
, 115–116
Samenwerkingsverband van Uitvaartverenigingen zonder Winstoogmerk(LSUW)
, 45–46
Sanatan Dharm
, 83
Section
, 31, 32
Secularity
, 95, 100
Segregation
, 2–3
Senate
, 24–25, 36–37
Servo Elieser
, 145
Seventeenth century
, 9–12
Shroud burial
, 20–21, 75–77
Sixteenth century
, 9–12
Slavery, commemoration of
, 145
Special cemeteries
, 30–31, 112–125
Special Income Support
, 63–64
Springer, architect
, 142
Stichting De Eenzame Uitvaart
, 73
Stichting Keurmerk Uitvaartzorg (SKU)
, 47–48
Stichting Vakexamens Uitvaartzorg (Stivu)
, 47
Stillbirth
, 65, 163, 191
Suicide
, 25–26, 28, 197–198
Surinam
, 5, 83, 145
Sustainability
, 35–36
Swanenburg, Maria Catharina
, 164
Taboo
, 54
Tahara,
, 87
Tailor-made funerary practices
, 20–21, 67–68, 94
Technical cremation
, 59–61, 63, 64–65, 174–175
Television
, 3, 54–55, 192, 196–197
Termination of life on request. See Euthanasia
Thanatopraxy
, 45, 86, 88–89
Urbanisation
, 15, 48, 106–107, 153
US Federal Government
, 193–194
Van der Lee, Ida
, 188–189
Van Gogh, Theo
, 196
Vereniging voor Ondernemers in de Uitvaartwereld (VOU)
, 45
Volunteers
, 42–43, 48–49, 73–74, 81–83, 132–133
Wake
, 77, 87–88
War
cemeteries
, 106–107, 122–123, 193–194, 195
memorial
, 122–123
Wasi dede
, 87
Water
, 1–2, 35–36, 119–120, 138–140, 143–144, 183–184
Wegerif, A.H.
, 160–162
Welfare State
, 1–2
Wereldlichtjesdag
, 189–190
Westerhoff
, 152
Wet op de lijkbezorging. See Corpse Disposal Act
Wils, Jan
, 160–162
Witnessing the charge
, 172–173
Women
, 50–52, 82
Workers Association for Cremation (AVVL)
, 17–19, 40–41, 155–156
Working Conditions Legislation
, 38, 130
World War, First
, 3, 17–19, 40–41, 122–123
World War, Second
, 2–3, 17, 19–20, 106–107, 122–123, 140–141, 143, 156–157, 192, 194
Worldwide Candle Lighting Day
, 189–190
Yarden
, 40–41, 44–45, 52–53, 55–56, 160–162
Yardenhuis Amsterdam
, 160–162
YouTube
, 85, 191
Ysselsteyn military cemetery
, 195–196
Zwagerman, Joost
, 197–198
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 The Netherlands: An Introduction
- Chapter 2 History
- Chapter 3 Demographic and Legal Frameworks
- Chapter 4 The Funeral Directing Industry
- Chapter 5 Paying for Funerals
- Chapter 6 A Typical Funeral
- Chapter 7 Burial and Cemeteries
- Chapter 8 Cremation and Crematoria
- Chapter 9 Death and Remembrance in the Public Sphere
- Bibliography
- Index