Index

Citation

Peterson, J. (2017), "Index", Count Down, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 323-333. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-700-320172014

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited

---

INDEX

AAI (American Antitrust Institute)

, 51, 52, 55

Accenture

, 242, 244, 256

Accounting networks

, 24, 26, 51, 135, 244, 293

Accounting partnerships

, 47, 62, 122, 137, 164, 225

Accounting principles

, 22, 46, 49, 68, 75, 140, 141, 274, 304

Accounting profession

, 15, 17, 33, 34, 37, 53, 56, 96, 101, 125, 217, 221, 241, 285, 288

Accountancy Europe

, 204n18

Ackman, Bill

, 95–96

Adelphia

, 21, 173

Adoboli, Kweku

, 103, 279, 280

Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession

, 149–152, 203n8

Aguilar, Luis

, 208–209

Ahold

, 21, 103

AICPA (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants)

, 6, 290, 299n7, 309

Aiding and abetting

, 169

AIG

, 10, 21, 103, 130, 131, 269, 272, 277

Algorithmic trading (algorithms)

, 250, 252, 253

Alibaba

, 269, 272, 299n3

AlphaGo (Google)

, 253

Alwaleed (Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal)

, 234

Amazon

, 44n16, 247, 249, 256

Analysts

, 22, 23, 82

Analytics

, 9, 246, 250, 253, 257, 293

Andersen, Arthur. See Arthur Andersen

Andersen, Arthur Edward

, 196

Andersen Consulting

, 242, 244

Andersen Worldwide Société Coopérative

, 135

Appearance of independence

, 9, 15, 25, 36, 90, 92, 94, 96, 244

Apple Inc.

, 42n10, 303, 304

Arthur Andersen

, 1, 3, 41n1, 41n2, 65, 85, 106n1, 135, 239, 240, 242, 244, 295

Assurance

, 8, 9, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21–22, 24–25, 28–30, 33–35, 37–38, 45–46, 56–57, 64, 78, 79, 85, 91, 92, 94, 97, 102, 116, 122–123, 126, 128, 130–133, 136, 142–143, 156, 161, 177, 180, 212–214, 218, 221, 228, 231, 236, 239, 245, 254, 256–259, 264–265, 268, 271, 273, 278–279, 281–283, 286, 302, 304

Assurance model

, 35, 156

Assurance services

, 8, 116

Atkinson, Richard

, 30

ATT

, 122

Audit committee

, 9, 88, 111, 123, 155, 159, 175, 274, 275, 294

Audit competence

, 144, 188, 225

Audit deficiencies

, 217–220

Audit engagement performance

, 254

Audit failure

, 185, 216, 254, 289, 298

Audit insurance

, 113–114, 115, 123

Audit Integrity and Job Protection Act

, 187

Audit opinion

, 8–9, 13, 22, 43n11

Audit performance

, 23, 37–38, 86, 127, 254, 289, 291

Audit quality

, 16, 37, 40, 101, 121, 179–180, 185, 202, 205, 217–219, 224, 257, 285

Audit report

, 8, 11–12, 17, 22, 55–56, 88, 90, 101, 114, 122, 133, 157, 226, 264, 266, 267, 269–271, 273, 292

Audit scope

, 31, 81, 127, 159, 254

Audit staffing

, 248, 253

Audit tenure

, 40, 185, 226

“Audited and approved,”

, 29–31, 153, 306

“Auditing: A Profession At Risk,”

, 235

Auditor choice

, 40, 51–54, 64, 119, 142, 180, 234, 295

Auditor/client relationship

, 3, 35, 89, 91, 179–180, 190

Auditor independence

, 37, 85–88, 94–96, 266, 278, 284, 314

Auditor judgments

, 281

Auditor liability

, 57, 118–119, 144, 166–167, 170–174, 278, 284, 300

Auditor liability reform

, 119

Auditor replacement

, 40, 174–176, 185

Auditor rotation

, 144, 184, 186, 204, 205

Auditor switching

, 189

Auditor’s Responsibilities Relating to Fraud (ISA 240)

, 140

Autonomy

, 34–38, 44, 70, 260

AXA

, 70

Baker Tilly

, 39

Bally Total Fitness

, 148

Banco Santander

, 183

Bank of America

, 61, 163, 216

Bank of England

, 68, 231, 311

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi

, 126

Bankruptcy

, 1, 50, 107, 115, 118, 121, 170, 172, 225, 249, 294, 296

Baptist Hospital

, 1, 60

Barclays

, 107, 188, 191

Barnier, Michel

, 201, 221, 223, 260n7, 310

Barriers to entry

, 25

BDO

, 39, 95, 100, 110

Bear Stearns

, 10, 21, 97, 130, 150, 156, 173, 213, 269, 272

BearingPoint

, 242

Beswick, Paul

, 36

Big Data

, 8, 32, 34, 37, 97, 245–246, 249, 250, 252, 254–255, 257–259

Big Eight

, 19, 42, 112, 135, 180, 240, 250–251, 305

Big Four

, 4, 5–6, 8, 10, 12, 19–20, 23–28, 34–36, 39–41, 42n9, 43n16, 46–66, 85–86, 98–99, 105–106, 111–123, 126, 130–139, 142, 144, 146, 148–150, 152, 155, 164, 172, 174, 181, 183, 184, 188–191, 194, 207, 208–214, 222–223, 225, 226–231, 232–233, 236–243, 263–300

Black swan

, 50, 63, 77, 225, 241, 279, 319

Blankfein, Lloyd

, 10

Blatter, Sepp

, 150, 277

BNP Paribas

, 107, 163

Booz & Co

, 261n18

BP

, 61, 188

Braskem

, 108

British Sky Broadcasting Group

, 159

British Telecom (BT)

, 21, 106n3

Burger, Warren

, 89, 197

Business model

, 25, 96, 127, 137, 157, 223, 239, 254–256, 272, 292

CAC 40 (France)

, 4, 41, 144, 223, 274

Canary Wharf

, 234

Caparo v. Dickman

, 166

CapGemini

, 242

Capital markets

, 4, 6, 7, 18–23, 25, 34, 68, 74, 81, 86, 92–93, 95, 104, 116, 118, 124–125, 128, 137, 143, 149, 210, 213, 228, 236–237, 276, 282, 286, 295, 309

Captive insurers

, 63

Cardozo, Benjamin

, 166

Catastrophe bonds

, 113, 116–118, 265

Cayne, Jimmy

, 62, 97, 150

Center for Audit Quality (CAQ)

, 309

Central Bank of Denver v. First Interstate Bank of Denver

, 169

CEO (chief executive officer)

, 35, 151, 233

CFO (chief financial officer)

, 44, 81, 94, 126, 282

Chamber of Commerce (US)

, 69, 137, 208, 235

China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)

, 211

Chinese regulators

, 209–210

CIT Group

, 142

Citigroup

, 62, 97, 107, 269

Class action

, 1, 3, 95, 165–167, 173, 251

Client-pays model

, 15, 37

CliftonLarsonAllen

, 100, 235

Cohen Commission

, 153

Cohen, Stephen

, 163–164

Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs)

, 103

Colonial Bank

, 50, 62, 100, 115, 289

Competence

, 12, 17, 53, 75, 104, 119

Competition

, 40, 42, 55, 119, 122, 129, 137, 154, 184, 188, 229, 295

“Competition and Choice in the UK Audit Market,”

, 184

Competition Commission (UK)

, 40, 187, 189, 190, 226

Complex financial instruments

, 75, 277

Comprehensive and neutral accounting standards

, 71–72

Concentration

, 42, 54, 64, 120, 180, 189, 191, 227, 229, 264

Conflict waivers

, 53

Connolly, John

, 227, 261n8

Consolidated financial statements

, 26, 48, 55, 310

Constitution (US)

, 151

Consulting fees

, 86, 230

Continental Vending (United States v. Simon)

, 100

Contingency plans

, 222, 225, 265

Contingent fees

, 165

Contribution

, 22, 84, 137, 168, 208, 279, 296

Convergence

, 20, 67–73, 75–76, 78, 108, 272, 292

Corporate governance

, 79, 137, 157, 314

Corporate malfeasance

, 79, 171, 285–286

Corporate oversight function

, 177

Corzine, Jon

, 62, 100, 106n2, 148, 150

Countrywide

, 61, 131, 213, 272

Cox, Christopher

, 71, 125

Credit Suisse

, 107n7, 163–164

Critical accounting judgments

, 158

Critical audit matters

, 155

Cross-border audit work

, 49

Cross-border enforcement

, 173

Cross-border liability

, 144, 240

Crowe Horwath

, 39

Crundwell, Rita

, 235

Daboo, Jimmy

, 159, 161

Daimler

, 49

Darwinian evolution

, 33

Data analysis

, 97, 256, 259

DAX 30 (Germany)

, 4, 41, 274

De Castries, Henri

, 70

Deepwater Horizon

, 61

Deloitte

, 3, 9, 30–31, 33–35, 38–39, 44n18, 53, 61–62, 89, 100, 105, 114, 131, 135–136, 173, 177, 182–183, 191, 202n2, 203n6, 204n17, 233–235, 239, 248, 261n8, 261n17, 289

Deloitte, William Welch

, 28, 34, 42n10, 194

Delta Air Lines

, 49

Department of Trade and Industry (UK)

, 51, 184

Derivatives

, 68, 90, 154, 214, 277

Deutsche Bank

, 107, 183

Dewey & LeBoeuf

, 164

Diageo

, 49, 188

Dickinson, John

, 30

Disclosure

, 38, 81, 142, 147, 148, 155, 161, 172, 186, 237, 239, 241, 260n6, 272, 294, 301, 304

Diversity

, 117, 182, 207

Dixon Illinois

, 100, 213, 235

Dodd, Christopher

, 131

Donaldson, William

, 315

Doty, James

, 7, 37, 125, 175, 180, 200, 314

Dow Jones Industrial Average

, 4, 39

Due diligence

, 8, 31, 35, 282

Duncan, David

, 2, 3, 85

Early-mover advantage

, 97

“Enhancing the Value of Auditor Reporting,”

, 157

Enron

, 1–3, 6, 9, 20–21, 25, 46–47, 50, 51, 60, 62, 65, 68, 78, 85–87, 99, 115, 136, 138, 141, 148, 150, 154, 170, 176, 212, 232, 236, 243, 245, 283

Equity Funding

, 139, 144

Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder

, 167

EuroDisney

, 234

European Commission

, 65, 221, 260n5, 310

European Union (EU)

, 158, 182, 191, 220, 234, 310, 313

Expectations Gap

, 15, 18, 105, 153, 249, 286

“Extended Auditor’s Reports,”

, 160

EY (Ernst & Young)

, 38, 39, 42, 53, 61, 93, 94, 105, 126, 135–136, 182–183, 185, 191, 261n17, 280

Facebook

, 32, 105, 269, 272

Fannie Mae

, 9, 103, 114, 120, 130, 131, 213, 277

FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board)

, 67, 72–73, 91, 108n9, 108n10, 310, 315

Fastow, Andrew

, 141

Fault allocation

, 168–170, 174

FCA (Financial Conduct Authority) (UK)

, 311

Féderation des Expert-comptables Européens (FEE). See Accountancy Europe

FedEx (Federal Express)

, 49, 82, 98, 108n13

FEI (Financial Executives Institute)

, 67

Ferguson, Lewis

, 37, 146, 153, 186, 193, 257

Fiat

, 136

FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association)

, 21, 277, 299n6

Final Four

, 19

Financial disclosure

, 16, 314

Financial fragility

, 56–57, 60, 241, 285

Financial information

, 8, 19, 22, 24, 27–29, 38, 45, 57, 66, 92, 97, 111, 124, 157, 167, 256, 258, 263, 268, 292, 297

Financial irregularities

, 97

Financial markets

, 11, 90, 160

Financial position

, 78, 274, 304

Financial reporting

, 6–7, 22, 35, 40, 46, 76, 82, 109n12, 131, 158, 159, 170, 172, 187, 212, 215, 245, 269, 272, 286, 304, 310

Financial statements

, 4–5, 6–7, 19–20, 22–23, 26, 27, 31, 57, 69, 78, 80, 81, 83, 87, 95, 102, 114, 140, 143, 154, 156, 159, 168, 173, 207, 218, 219, 221, 237–241, 273–275, 278, 286, 294, 295

Financial statement users

, 23, 89, 145, 157, 173, 269

Fitch

, 94, 105

Flanagan, Tom

, 203n6

Ford

, 49, 136, 183, 246

Forensic audit

, 140, 142

FOREX

, 61, 277

Fragility

, 47, 54, 56, 60, 64, 122, 177, 207, 273

Fraud

, 3, 15, 35, 44, 50, 97, 98, 101, 104, 139–141, 143, 154, 164, 169, 198, 208, 235, 236, 249, 250, 275

Fraud audits

, 140

Fraud on the market

, 169

FRC (Financial Reporting Council) (UK)

, 159–161, 171, 188–190, 311

Freddie Mac

, 120, 130–131, 213

Friendly, Henry

, 100

FSA (Financial Services Authority) (UK)

, 231, 311

FTSE 100 (UK)

, 4, 40, 52, 160, 190, 204n18, 230

Fuld, Dick

, 62, 97

G-20 countries

, 4, 69

GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles)

, 67, 69, 71, 72, 74–77, 82–84, 108n10, 109n13, 112, 272

GAAS (generally accepted auditing standards)

, 22, 286, 313

GAO (General Accounting Office)(US)

, 176

Gazprom

, 232, 261n11

Global networks

, 27, 47, 107, 233, 240

Global standards

, 16, 66, 69–70, 74

GM

, 9, 10, 103

Goelzer, Daniel

, 314

Golden, Russell

, 109n10

Golden handcuffs

, 25, 98

Goldman Sachs

, 10, 106n2, 107n7

Google

, 253, 256

Governance

, 27, 46, 53, 135, 137, 143, 246, 292, 294, 301

Government audits

, 17, 90, 132, 133

Government-backed insurance

, 118–121

Government involvement

, 124–128, 265

Government oversight

, 102, 128, 229, 292

Grants

, 39, 144

Great Western Railway

, 28–34, 42n10, 195, 248

“Green Paper” (EC)

, 65, 220–223

Greenwood, James

, 2

Groupon

, 269, 272

Grüber, Oswald

, 279

Guilty verdict (Andersen’s)

, 47, 307

Halliburton Co. v. Erin P. John Fund

, 169

Hanson, Jay

, 215–217

Harris, Steven

, 6, 88–90, 153, 238, 240–241

Haskins & Sells

, 144, 239, 307

HBOS

, 230

HealthSouth

, 103

Herbalife

, 82, 95–96, 109n16, 146, 154

Hertz

, 277, 299n5, 299n6

Herz, Robert

, 200, 310

Hewlett-Packard (HP)

, 35

Hindsight

, 41n1, 98, 100–101, 165, 184, 227, 281, 300

Hoogervorst, Hans

, 66, 75, 83, 108n8, 108n10, 312

House Energy and Commerce Committee (US)

, 2

House of Lords Economic Affairs Committee (UK)

, 227

HSBC

, 188, 191

IAASB (International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board)

, 88, 109n12, 156–158, 161, 283, 311

IASB (International Accounting Standards Board)

, 20, 67–68, 72–74, 108n8, 108n9, 312, 313

IBM

, 155, 242, 256

ICAEW (Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales)

, 312

Icahn, Carl

, 95

IFAC (International Federation of Accountants)

, 311

IFIAR (International Forum of Independent Audit Regulators)

, 217–220, 257, 312

Impaired independence

, 185

Inability to innovate

, 25

Independence in fact

, 37, 132

Independence requirements

, 38, 86, 276, 302

Independent auditor

, 6, 11, 29, 46, 94, 255, 276

Indictment (Andersen’s)

, 1, 47, 49, 51, 56, 86, 235

Insider (trading)

, 8–9, 32, 141, 163

Inspection process

, 155

Instagram

, 32–33

“In Support of Convergence and Global Accounting Standards,”

, 71

Insurability

, 117–118, 137, 241, 296

Insurance market

, 63, 113, 115

Insurance of last resort

, 113, 265

Internal auditor

, 249–250

Internal control

, 31, 158, 213, 260n6, 280, 300, 304, 314

International Accounting Standards Committee

, 67–68

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)

, 66–67, 69–72, 74, 76, 77, 83, 108n8, 108n10, 238, 272, 310, 312, 313

International Monetary Fund

, 134, 201

Investment bankers

, 23

Investor capital

, 30, 58, 62

Investor claims

, 61, 133

Investor protection fund

, 265

Investors

, 3, 5, 7, 9–11, 19, 21, 23, 27, 34, 37, 43n15, 45–46, 78–79, 81–82, 86–87, 89, 93–96, 104, 109, 116, 117, 123, 133, 137–138, 147, 154–156, 160, 164–166, 168, 170, 173, 229, 238, 268–269, 271, 272, 278, 281, 286, 292, 294–295

Irregularities

, 3, 35, 97, 141, 204, 253

ISA (International Standards on Auditing)

, 156

Issuers

, 20–21, 23, 24, 54, 73, 75, 79, 97, 104, 125, 130, 141, 179, 208, 234–237, 263–265, 272, 281, 285, 289, 291–292, 296, 301

Jaguar

, 49, 136

Japan

, 21, 51–52, 74, 98, 135, 233

JGAAP

, 74

Joint and several liability

, 145, 167–168

Joint audit

, 41, 143–145, 191

Joint Stock Companies Act

, 30, 305

JP Morgan Chase

, 107n7, 214, 277

Justice Department (United States)

, 2, 57, 60–61, 103, 105, 163, 280

Kanebo

, 51, 233

Kengeter, Carsten

, 279

Kerviel, Jérôme

, 103, 279

Kingdom Holding Company (Saudi Arabia)

, 234

Knight Capital

, 156, 214

Koss

, 213

KPMG

, 9, 35, 38, 39, 41, 53, 61, 86, 94, 95–96, 105, 114, 159, 161–162, 182–183, 185, 191, 199, 203n6, 203n10, 203n11, 204n18, 233–234, 261n17, 261n19, 307

Kroeker, James

, 7, 91

Lagarde, Christine

, 70

Land Rover

, 49, 136

Laventhol & Horwath

, 52

Law enforcement

, 1, 4, 20, 23, 86, 162, 178–179, 184, 225, 237, 239, 264, 289, 292, 295

Lay, Kenneth

, 198

Leadership replacement

, 149–152

Legal liability

, 49, 218

Legal requirements

, 4, 87

Legal structures

, 48

Lehman Brothers

, 10, 21, 61, 65, 97, 103, 115, 126, 130, 150, 156, 213, 236, 269, 272, 279

Leveraged recapitalizations

, 21–22

Liability exposure

, 59, 99–101, 128, 136, 173, 229

Liability-limiting agreements

, 170, 173

Liability limits

, 52, 116, 172–173

Liability reform

, 119, 171

LIBOR

, 61, 277

Limitations of auditor liability

, 170, 173

LinkedIn

, 269, 272, 298n2

Litigation

, 1–2, 4, 9, 16, 19–20, 24–27, 35, 50, 52, 54, 56–60, 63, 82, 86, 99, 101, 104–105, 110, 115–117, 119–121, 131–133, 136–138, 142, 145, 147, 149, 152, 157, 161, 165, 168, 171, 173, 174, 179, 202n5, 218, 224, 225, 232, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 251, 264, 288–289, 295–296

Litigation claims

, 101, 138, 174, 239

Litigation settlements

, 58, 138

London, Scott

, 95–96, 203n6

London Economics

, 57, 59, 139

London Whale (JP Morgan Chase)

, 103, 277

Loser pays

, 165

Lynch, Mike

, 35

Madoff, Bernard

, 61

Maginot Line

, 269–271

Malfeasance

, 79, 117, 164, 171, 178, 213, 223, 285–286, 289

Mandatory auditor rotation

, 112, 174–176, 179, 182–183, 191, 204n15, 205n20, 208, 223, 226, 230, 260n5, 301

Market concentration

, 229, 283

Material error

, 80, 87, 114, 274, 297

Materiality

, 79, 80–81, 159, 161, 226, 254, 267, 281, 301

Materiality disclosure

, 81

Material misstatement

, 80, 215, 304

Mazars

, 41

McCreevy, Charlie

, 57, 69, 70, 170, 201

McDonough, William

, 53

McKesson & Robbins

, 78

Merck

, 49

Merrill Lynch

, 21, 103, 130, 269

MF Global

, 21, 100, 106n2, 148, 150, 156, 214, 277, 299n6

MMG

, 232, 234

Mobily

, 233

Moody’s

, 105

Morrison v. National Australia Bank Ltd.

, 169

Mozilo, Angelo

, 62

Nally, Dennis

, 233

National Transportation Safety Board

, 287

NCAA basketball

, 42n9

Negligence-based claims

, 166

New Century

, 61, 131, 213, 244

New York Attorney General

, 61

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

, 5, 27, 68

Nokia

, 183

Nomura

, 65

Nonaudit entities

, 294

Nonaudit practices

, 98, 181

Nonaudit services

, 36, 181, 189, 224

Northern Rock

, 68, 150, 230

Norwalk Agreement

, 68

Odebrecht

, 108n7

Olson, Mark

, 314

Olympus

, 21

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

, 134

Outside capital

, 112, 137–139, 222, 244, 294

Oxera

, 51–53, 139, 183

Oxley, Michael

, 198–199, 314

Parliament (United Kingdom)

, 174, 177, 191, 268

Parmalat

, 21, 107n5, 144, 172–173, 184, 204n20, 213, 223, 230, 277

Partner naming

, 145, 147, 202n5

Pass-fail (opinions)

, 8, 21–22

Paulson, Henry

, 149, 222

PeopleSoft

, 185

Performance quality

, 120, 147, 215, 219, 241, 284, 285, 290, 292

Petrobras

, 21, 108n7, 278, 299n6

Pitt, Harvey

, 139, 315

Politicians

, 9, 19, 20, 23–24, 33, 56–57, 62, 121, 127, 176, 263–264, 276

Politics of convergence

, 76

Ponzi

, 61, 100, 144, 154, 213

Prada, Michel

, 74

Praxity

, 39, 41

Predictability

, 117, 232

Predictive analysis

, 254

Pretrial settlements

, 115

Price-cutting

, 21, 42n9

Price Waterhouse

, 307

Prince, Chuck

, 62, 97

Privity of contract

, 166

Professional judgment

, 100, 147, 252

Profitability

, 37, 91, 106n6, 257

Proportionate liability

, 168–170, 173

Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)

, 6–7, 13, 25, 37, 53, 69, 80, 82, 88, 91, 98, 109n12, 125, 130, 132, 145, 151, 153–157, 161, 180–181, 185–187, 193, 202n5, 209, 212, 214–220, 236, 238, 240, 256, 257, 260n5, 268, 283, 288–289, 297, 298, 309, 313

Public company audit license

, 292

Public interest

, 70, 89, 191, 218, 299n7

Public Oversight Board

, 299n7

Public trust

, 36, 47, 89, 177

PwC (PricewaterhouseCoopers)

, 3, 38–41, 42n5, 50–53, 62, 95, 100, 105, 106n2, 126, 131, 136, 148, 172, 182, 183, 190, 191, 200, 204n17, 232–233, 247, 261n11, 261n18, 277, 289, 307

Queen Victoria

, 32, 312

Qwest

, 1, 60

Raju, Ramalinga

, 233, 250

Rating agencies

, 23, 38, 90

RBS (Royal Bank of Scotland)

, 107n7

Regulators

, 6, 8–9, 13, 19, 20, 23–28, 33–34, 36, 37, 48, 51, 53–57, 63, 65, 66, 75, 77, 82, 85–87, 97, 99, 101, 112, 114, 123–124, 139, 143, 145, 175, 181, 183, 187, 193, 207, 208, 213, 237, 241, 245, 254, 256–259, 263–264, 271–274, 276, 284, 288, 296

Regulatory autonomy

, 16

Regulatory compliance

, 48, 57

Regulatory constraint

, 52, 97

Regulatory obstacles

, 52, 97

Regulatory second-guessing

, 98

Regulatory straitjacket

, 33

Reporting overload

, 16

Reporting standards

, 24, 134, 254

Re-tender

, 40, 112, 187–189, 220, 226, 301

Retention

, 40, 63, 148, 176, 178, 181, 188, 192, 225, 245

Risk management

, 56, 158, 180, 216, 280

Risk premium

, 27

Risk thresholds

, 49

Roadmap (SEC)

, 71, 76

Rogue partners

, 147

Rogue trader

, 154, 279

Rolls-Royce

, 159–161, 203n10

Rotation

, 112, 148, 174–176, 180, 182–187, 189, 191–194, 203n13, 204n15, 205, 220, 223, 226, 230

Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS)

, 107n7, 230

Royal Dutch Shell

, 49, 188, 191

RSM

, 39

Rule 10(b)(5)

, 167

Russia

, 120, 172, 232–233

Russian roulette

, 42n9, 86

S&P (Standard & Poor’s)

, 103–105

S&P 500 index

, 4, 39, 179, 274, 279

SAC Capital

, 163, 237

Safe harbor

, 100, 236, 300n9

Sainsbury

, 191

Sarbanes, Paul

, 198, 199, 314

Sarbanes-Oxley law (SOX or Sarbox)

, 31, 199, 286, 314

Satyam

, 21, 213, 250

Saudi Arabia Capital Market Regulator

, 231-234

Savings & loans

, 90, 115, 231

Schapiro, Mary

, 71, 125, 315

Schnurr, James

, 82, 108n10

Schroders

, 191

Scope-of-practice constraints

, 25

Scope of work (scope of services)

, 31, 281

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

, 5, 6, 13, 26, 51, 69, 70–71, 73, 76, 82, 91, 93, 94, 108n8, 108n10, 109n13, 114, 125, 139, 142, 148, 150, 151, 152, 163, 167, 173, 175, 185, 200, 208–211, 244, 256, 258, 260n4, 260n6, 275, 289–290, 293, 295, 298, 314–315

Securities exchanges

, 5, 33, 145, 315

Securities laws

, 4, 11, 15, 92, 96, 161, 166–167, 173, 177, 282, 283, 286, 296

Securities regulators

, 4, 13, 26, 33, 88, 97, 123, 257, 273, 276

Seidman & Seidman

, 144

Seidman, Leslie

, 72, 311

Self-insurance

, 63, 138

Serious Fraud Office (UK)

, 3

Shareholder litigation

, 82, 86

Shareholders

, 9, 14, 30, 35, 44, 60, 81, 89, 114, 138, 147, 150, 173, 248, 285

Shaw, Bryan

, 95

Shell

, 21, 103, 277

Skechers

, 95, 96, 109n16

Skepticism

, 37, 97–98, 149, 176, 211, 224, 248

Skilling, Jeffrey

, 97, 141

Société Générale

, 103, 277, 279

Spacek, Leonard

, 295

Standards convergence

, 66, 76, 208

See also Convergence

Standstill agreement

, 44

Stanford, Allen

, 100, 213, 271

Stock exchanges

, 27, 56, 274, 276, 293

Subprime mortgage

, 61, 68, 90, 105, 118, 216, 258, 280

Sunbeam

, 1, 60

Supreme Court (United States)

, 2, 89, 118, 167, 169, 197, 268

Survivability

, 63, 96, 101, 149, 170–172, 230, 235, 284, 296

Sustainable future

, 283

Sustainable model

, 28, 161

S-X (SEC regulation)

, 294

Tata Motors

, 49, 136

Tax shelters

, 86, 162

Taylor Bean & Whitaker

, 50, 62, 100, 115, 173, 235, 289

Technology-based audit

, 98, 256

Tenure

, 71, 125, 174, 179, 180, 182, 185, 186, 191–192, 310

Tenure-based auditor inadequacy

, 176

Tesco

, 3, 6, 9, 21, 42n4, 191, 204n17, 236, 299n6

Three-firm model

, 65, 264

Tipping point

, 56, 57, 59, 122

Too big to fail

, 112, 162, 296

Too weak to survive

, 112

Toshiba

, 21, 106n3, 299n6

Transparency

, 75, 116, 127, 133, 146, 150, 154, 180, 234, 238, 240, 273, 294

Treadway Commission

, 153, 304

Treasury Committee. See Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession

“True and fair,”

, 43n11, 160, 228

Tweedie, Sir David

, 20, 67, 72, 199, 312

Tyco

, 21, 62, 142

UBS

, 68, 107n7, 150, 214, 278–280

Ultramares Corp. v. Touche

, 166

Unilever

, 188

United States v. Arthur Young

, 89, 197

Unqualified audit report

, 103, 228

Users (of financial statements)

, 8–9, 12, 15–16, 19–20, 23, 25, 38, 43n11, 46, 54, 57, 73, 79, 81, 83, 87, 89, 92, 97, 128, 140, 145, 152, 154, 157, 160, 166, 172, 173, 228, 258, 263, 265, 268–269, 273, 282, 285, 286, 288, 291, 295

Valeant

, 21, 156, 299n6

Valuations

, 269

Value-At-Risk

, 216

Van Diggelen, Janice

, 217, 219

Vanguard

, 233

Ventas

, 93–94, 146

Venture capitalists

, 22, 137

Vodaphone Group

, 159

Volkswagen

, 62, 299n6

Walmart

, 122, 247

Walsh, Frank

, 142

Washington Mutual

, 61, 131, 213

Waste Management

, 1, 60, 148

Wells Fargo

, 21

Where were the auditors?

, 1–4, 15, 36, 154, 249, 285

White, Mary Jo

, 6, 82, 125, 315

Whitman, Meg

, 35

Wolfson Weiner

, 144

Working papers

, 89, 136, 197, 209, 260

World Bank

, 134

WorldCom

, 1, 21, 42n3, 60, 62, 115, 150, 212

WPP

, 188

Xerox

, 148

Yukos

, 172, 232

Zero defects

, 101, 140, 286, 288