Accountability

, 7, 16, 38, 51, 53, 66, 78, 80, 83–84, 95, 99, 104, 106, 108, 113, 116, 123, 131, 140, 145–147, 151–152, 154, 177, 193, 196–197, 247, 259, 263, 273, 325, 348, 354–355, 360, 367, 369–370

Adaptive

, 3, 16, 45, 48, 50, 57–59, 72–73, 79, 83, 169, 175–176, 221, 236, 363, 365–366

Affordable access (affordable technology)

, 35, 42, 105, 130, 143, 162–163, 217, 221, 360

Africa

, 45, 104, 113–114, 118–119, 128, 133, 147, 149–150, 201, 217, 241, 256, 261, 288, 302, 317, 325, 341, 360

Agricultural (extension) services

, 10, 27, 29, 136, 138–140, 143, 146, 216–217, 220, 247, 284, 362

Analytics

, 4, 9, 15–16, 19, 22, 33–35, 44, 59, 71, 85, 96, 98–103, 108, 120, 130–131, 136, 143, 149–150, 153, 167–168, 170, 172–173, 177, 180, 183, 185, 189, 211, 252, 267, 269, 277, 313–315, 354, 360

Best practices

, 8–9, 13–14, 49, 53, 57–59, 69, 73, 94, 98, 105, 112, 114, 121, 159, 167, 169, 172, 183, 185, 211, 217, 220–221, 224, 232, 237, 257, 259–261, 263, 266, 308, 320–321, 330, 340, 363, 368

Big data

, 4, 9–10, 19, 22, 29, 33–35, 44, 59, 71, 85, 98–103, 116, 131, 136, 138, 143, 149, 168, 170, 172–173, 176, 180, 184–186, 191, 211, 247, 252, 267, 269, 277, 306, 315, 327, 354

Bottom-up initiative

, 49, 118, 254, 363–364

Brazil

, 24, 26, 91, 93, 128, 133, 147–148, 157, 178, 200, 203, 212, 220, 226, 240, 256, 290–291, 294, 302, 310, 320, 366

Broadband infrastructure

, 178, 276, 292, 301, 303, 318

Business development services (BDSs)

, 11, 146, 215–218, 253, 326, 331

Business environment

, 11, 22, 42, 57, 79, 94, 182, 193–199, 213, 224, 250, 307, 318

Business process outsourcing (BPO)

, 32, 155, 203, 242, 244, 265–266, 309–310, 312–313, 320–322, 335

Business process reengineering

, 33

Business to customer (B2C)

, 200, 203

Business-to-business (B2B)

, 200, 202–203, 206, 224, 332

Chief information officer (CIO)

, 109, 112, 184, 234, 236, 260–262, 311, 366

China

, 29, 31, 51, 54, 57, 155, 161, 169, 178, 186–187, 199–200, 203–204, 237, 240–241, 249, 255–256, 296–297, 302, 311–312, 320, 332, 334–337, 341

Civil society organizations (CSOs)

, 25, 90, 95, 104, 144, 147, 150, 152, 232, 252, 354, 358, 361

Client-centric government

, 89

Cloud computing

, 9, 44, 71, 87–88, 91, 109–110, 114, 182, 252, 267, 300–303

Clusters

, 16, 19, 22, 49, 65, 73, 115, 172, 183, 213–215, 259, 318–321, 323, 330–333, 335, 339, 341

Coalitions

, 50, 70, 74, 83, 94, 346, 356, 358, 363

Collaborative government

, 82, 367

Communication services

, 164, 222, 293–294

Comparative advantage

, 40, 48, 57, 126, 222, 259, 275, 306, 350–351

Competitive advantage

, 4, 21, 187, 198, 269, 275, 335, 337, 350

Competitive strategy

, 181, 184, 254

Connectivity

, 4, 7, 15, 20–21, 26–27, 36, 42, 44, 57, 65, 94, 106, 110, 112, 114, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 147, 162, 165, 174, 180, 209–210, 212, 224–225, 239, 256, 278, 291–292, 294, 300, 322, 328, 332, 336, 361, 364, 368

Content

, 7, 10, 15, 24, 26–28, 33, 35–36, 42, 46, 65, 88, 90, 104, 122–123, 125, 128–129, 131, 138–140, 143, 150–151, 153, 156–161, 163–165, 180, 196, 205, 208, 218, 223–224, 232, 235, 238, 243, 248, 257, 268, 276, 279–282, 284, 295–296, 315–318, 350, 353–354, 358, 361–362, 364

Convergence

, 39, 124, 183, 221, 223, 268, 283–284, 316, 318

Cybercrime

, 302, 319

Cyber laws (e-laws)

, 306

Cyber security

, 252, 277

Demand

, 8–9, 10, 12, 18–19, 21, 25–26, 37, 40–41, 43, 59–60, 66–67, 70–72, 74–75, 78–80, 82–83, 90, 93–97, 99–100, 102–105, 107, 112–113, 117, 127, 130, 137–138, 140, 144–145, 149, 151, 156, 162, 164, 168, 172, 179, 181, 189, 192, 196, 198–199, 202, 204, 212–218, 220, 224, 229–238, 241–242, 248–250, 252, 258, 267, 273, 275–277, 279–281, 284, 288–289, 293–303, 311, 314, 316–317, 319–321, 325–327, 331, 338, 345–347, 349–350, 354–355, 357, 360–361, 363–364, 367, 370

Development policy

, 58, 222, 349

Development strategy

, 9, 30, 47, 54, 64, 93, 215, 221, 230, 235, 238, 243, 248–249, 254, 275, 301, 308, 317–318, 337, 344, 350, 369

Digital content

, 13, 46, 139, 150, 156–157, 163, 196, 208, 232, 280, 315–318

Digital divide

, 10, 39, 79, 106, 143, 145, 150–151, 158, 208, 236, 241, 249, 296, 311, 322, 360

Digital economy

, 11, 41, 72, 192, 230, 275, 285, 319, 350–351

Digital inclusion

, 40, 46, 50, 143, 150–151, 158, 249, 252, 275, 292, 360, 370

Digital media

, 158, 316

Digital policy

, 258

Digital technologies

, 3–6, 8, 10–12, 32, 41–42, 50, 59, 83, 169–170, 176, 178, 180–181, 185, 190, 193, 195, 209, 216, 223, 247, 297, 350–351, 353–357, 359–362

Digital transformation ecosystem

, 7–8, 13, 41–42, 45–46, 165, 170, 223, 249, 288, 305, 331, 345–346, 369

Digital transformation process

, 11–13, 14, 47, 246, 255, 267

Digitization

, 8, 15, 19, 27–28, 32, 124, 158, 239, 267–269, 276, 283, 306, 312

e-agriculture

, 43, 232

East Asia

, 32, 46, 198, 238

e-business

, 20, 32, 43, 196, 204–205, 207, 209–214, 217, 221, 223–225, 226, 234, 252–253, 263, 332, 355

e-commerce (e-trade)

, 11, 17, 30, 90, 163, 182, 196, 200–209, 217, 223, 225–226, 249, 252–253, 288, 332, 355, 357

Economic development

, 51–52, 56, 64, 71, 79, 168, 181, 249, 344, 349

Economies of scale

, 16–17, 82, 86–87, 133, 135, 185, 190–191, 203, 240, 260, 276, 278, 291, 295, 298, 345–346, 360

Ecosystem

, 7–8, 10–13, 20, 28, 36–37, 41–47, 55–56, 64, 75, 98–99, 101–107, 111–112, 114, 117–118, 121–124, 129–130, 132–133, 135, 139–141, 164–165, 170–171, 173–175, 178, 182–185, 188, 191–192, 201, 208–209, 218–219, 223–225, 249, 252–253, 263, 266, 287–288, 305–306, 308–309, 314, 319–320, 325–327, 331, 344–347, 352, 355, 369

Education

, 7, 10, 17, 27, 29, 31, 33, 40, 42–43, 46, 49, 54, 65–67, 70, 73, 81, 85–86, 94, 96, 99, 102, 113–114, 125–133, 137, 139, 144–146, 148–149, 154–156, 160, 171, 174, 176, 178–181, 183, 200, 202, 220, 222–223, 225, 229–232, 235, 237–244, 247–250, 260, 263, 265–266, 273, 282, 288, 291, 295–297, 299, 302, 308, 311, 318–319, 327, 341, 354–355, 360, 370

e-education

, 43, 70, 128, 130–131, 247, 263

e-finance

, 32, 218

e-government (electronic government)

, 36, 43, 46, 68–70, 76, 80–87, 89–90, 93–96, 98, 105, 108, 122, 156, 158, 164, 182, 185, 195–196, 225, 234, 236, 249, 254–257, 259–261, 263, 266, 277, 288, 296, 303, 322, 325, 339, 345, 347–348, 350, 354, 357–358, 364–366, 368–369

e-health

, 43, 70, 113–114, 116–123, 196, 247

e-institutions (e-leadership institutions)

, 12, 41, 254–255, 257–260, 346, 363

e-learning

, 32, 35, 113, 115, 145, 163, 209, 239–240, 326

e-literacy

, 36, 155, 163–164, 196, 223, 231–233, 241, 248–249, 264, 346, 360

Empowerment

, 5, 23, 27–28, 35, 37, 51, 123, 145–147, 321, 345, 356, 361–362, 365

Enabling environment

, 52, 105, 111, 135, 145, 158, 196, 213, 234, 355, 366

Enterprise transformation

, 187–192

Entrepreneurship

, 20, 31, 42, 49, 51, 65, 85, 164, 168, 193, 213, 216, 220, 230–231, 322, 324, 326–327, 329, 331, 336

e-participation

, 23, 40, 158, 172

e-procurement

, 96, 193, 196, 225, 358

e-readiness

, 30, 47, 73–74, 94–95, 112–113, 165, 359

e-sector

, 47, 73, 156

e-skills

, 151, 230, 249–250

e-society

, 43, 161

e-Sri Lanka

, 164, 324

e-strategies

, 237

e-transformation (digital transformation)

, 5–13, 23, 26–29, 31, 36–37, 39–48, 50–60, 63, 65–69, 83, 112, 122–123, 140–141, 150, 156, 161–162, 165, 170, 172, 175, 183, 185, 187–188, 193, 220–221, 223, 225, 229–231, 233, 246–249, 252, 254–257, 262, 267, 269–271, 287–289, 305, 307, 309, 315–316, 328, 331, 343, 345–346, 348–354, 356–357, 359–362, 364–366, 368–371

Finance

, 7, 13, 17, 19, 31–32, 33, 35, 67, 74, 84–85, 96, 99, 103, 107, 121, 126, 130–131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 146, 158, 168, 190, 195, 198, 208–209, 218–219, 224, 239, 243–244, 247, 254–257, 263, 288, 292, 310, 318, 323, 327, 329, 336, 339, 344, 351, 355, 358, 364, 366

Finland

, 5, 13, 29, 31–32, 46, 54, 70, 109, 120, 184, 256, 259, 288, 323, 341, 347, 353, 356, 364, 367

Flexibility

, 20, 34, 58, 88, 109–110, 126, 221, 269, 305, 321, 334, 336, 370

General-purpose technology (GPT)

, 221–223, 253, 305, 340, 367

Global knowledge

, 15, 26, 35, 159, 164, 191, 220, 245, 247, 259, 263, 306, 321, 362, 367

Globalization

, 9, 20, 31–32, 34, 38, 49–50, 80, 203, 233, 249, 259, 317

Governance

, 4–7, 9, 11, 24, 28, 34, 37–38, 42, 57, 67, 75, 78–79, 82–86, 93, 97–98, 104, 106, 109, 117–120, 122, 126, 131, 140, 144–145, 147, 151, 157, 159, 162, 167, 170, 173–174, 177, 184–186, 197, 200, 208, 221, 223, 231, 233–235, 252, 254–257, 259, 263–264, 269, 274, 277, 281, 284, 315, 332, 338, 348, 351, 354, 360, 365, 367

Government online (online government)

, 69, 204, 225

Government portal

, 92, 97, 151, 366

Government-to-business (G2B)

, 84, 193, 194–196, 224–226

Grassroots initiatives

, 66, 162, 232, 345

Grassroots innovation

, 10, 15, 19, 25–26, 35, 51, 158–162, 192, 223, 306, 308, 318, 363

Grassroots networks

, 159

Holistic approach

, 44–45, 63, 68, 73, 113, 130–131, 154, 221, 223, 226, 263, 344–346, 349, 354

Human resources development

, 71, 122, 175, 230–231, 244, 248, 250, 364

Human resources management

, 86, 209

ICT (information and communications technology)

, 3–13, 15–50, 53–55, 57–59, 63–76, 77, 80–81, 83–94, 96, 104, 108–109, 111–114, 116, 118–123, 126–141, 143–150, 152–157, 159, 161–164, 167–169, 171, 173–174, 176–178, 180, 182–194, 196–200, 202–205, 208–226, 229–259, 261–267, 269–270, 273–285, 287, 291, 293, 297, 301, 305–357, 359–361, 363–364, 366–369

ICT diffusion (mainstreaming ICT)

, 21, 33, 39, 127, 211, 221, 223–224, 233–234, 238, 263, 308

ICT industry

, 12–13, 42–43, 73, 128, 204, 222, 229, 237, 241, 249, 251, 253, 262–265, 305–342, 349, 367

ICT sector

, 7, 19, 40, 43, 67, 118, 143, 183, 221, 223, 243, 247, 254, 264, 269, 305–308, 312–318, 320–325, 326, 328, 340, 345–346, 349, 355, 359

ICT-enabled innovation

, 59, 159, 226, 231, 257, 366

ICT-enabled reform

, 104

ICT-enabled transformation

, 4–11, 15–40, 41, 47–49, 63, 70, 84, 96, 112, 126, 130–131, 252, 263, 348

Implementation process

, 8, 47, 176

Incentives

, 7, 10, 13, 40, 43–44, 49, 54, 57, 60, 69, 73, 75, 80, 82–83, 87–89, 99, 101, 103, 106, 108, 112, 118, 124, 129–131, 140–141, 151, 158, 165, 179, 181, 184–185, 196–197, 204, 213, 221, 232–233, 242, 246–247, 250, 253, 257, 263, 265, 270, 277, 280, 283, 290, 292, 294, 303, 308–309, 318, 320, 334–335, 337, 339–340, 346–348, 354, 357–359, 361, 365, 367–368

Inclusive city

, 179–181

Inclusive development

, 30, 35, 51, 57, 106, 167

Incubators

, 13, 22, 172, 183, 221, 263, 313, 318–322, 326–330, 331, 335, 341

India

, 13, 18, 32–33, 49, 105, 113–115, 118, 127, 133–134, 137–140, 143, 148, 150, 155, 159, 161, 169, 178–179, 186–187, 199, 201, 208, 217, 237, 241–245, 247–249, 256, 260, 262, 264–266, 302, 308–313, 316, 319–320, 331–337, 341, 356, 358

Information infrastructure

, 7, 65, 130, 139, 223, 232, 257, 263, 321, 340, 347

Information sharing

, 26, 40, 85, 87–88, 93, 99, 110, 117, 123, 149, 159, 205, 210, 316

Information society

, 9–10, 37, 68, 94, 130, 143–165, 173, 180, 205, 230, 235–236, 240, 255, 315, 350

Innovation ecosystem

, 3, 19, 171, 174, 180, 183, 191, 225, 317, 319, 353

Innovative city

, 205

Institutional development

, 257, 341

Institutional transformation

, 49, 51, 210, 237

Institutions

, 4–12, 19, 22, 24, 28, 30, 36–38, 40–43, 47, 49, 52, 54, 56, 65, 74, 79, 86, 101, 104, 107, 109, 115, 118–120, 126, 130–133, 140, 144–145, 152, 154, 157, 159, 161, 163–165, 169, 172–174, 176, 179, 182–185, 187–189, 193, 201–203, 215–216, 218–220, 223, 225, 230–231, 234–235, 238, 240, 242–244, 246, 248, 251–266, 267, 270, 285, 291, 293, 295, 305, 308–309, 315, 318–319, 321, 323, 326–327, 331, 333–336, 338–339, 341, 346, 350, 352–354, 361, 363, 368

Integrated approach

, 345

Intellectual property rights (IPR)

, 40, 101, 191, 277, 320, 337, 359

Interdependencies

, 8, 36, 44–45, 65, 111, 117, 128, 306, 343–344, 346, 360

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

, 68–69, 274, 278, 287, 297, 300

Internet access

, 36, 43, 46, 129, 145, 150, 162–163, 180, 232, 279

Internet service provider (ISP)

, 88, 253, 281

Internet

, 3, 6–7, 11, 15–18, 20–22, 24, 26, 31–32, 33, 35–36, 39, 42–44, 46, 59, 81, 88, 92, 94–96, 115, 126, 128–129, 132, 136–137, 143, 145, 150, 152–153, 155–157, 162–163, 168, 170, 172, 176, 180, 182, 186, 191–192, 198–206, 208–209, 216–217, 221, 223, 230–232, 238–240, 243, 253, 267–269, 274, 276–277, 279–280, 284, 291, 293, 295–297, 316, 328, 332, 345, 347, 350, 361–362, 364

IT-enabled services (ITES)

, 32, 155, 208, 218, 222, 233, 238, 242–245, 308–313, 316, 318–320, 322, 324–327, 330, 335, 337–339, 341–342

Knowledge diffusion

, 179, 207

Knowledge economy

, 57, 65, 68, 81, 130, 155, 173, 231, 237–239, 259–260, 307, 316

Knowledge management

, 84–85, 118–119, 126, 189, 209, 212, 231, 330

Knowledge sharing

, 191, 230, 260, 327, 332, 366

Knowledge society

, 27, 362

Korea

, 26, 29, 31, 51, 57, 70, 87, 109, 170, 237, 245, 255–257, 288, 330, 334, 336, 341, 347–348, 351, 356, 364

Latin America

, 25, 45, 163, 207, 217, 240, 341

Leadership institutions

, 11–12, 28, 30, 47, 56, 65, 251, 254–255, 258–260, 323, 346, 363

Leadership

, 6, 8, 11–12, 23, 28, 30, 37, 41, 43, 47–49, 52–53, 55–56, 60, 65, 73–74, 82–83, 90, 95, 98, 102, 104, 107–109, 112, 118–119, 122, 130, 140, 172, 174, 184, 189, 210–212, 221, 231, 233–236, 250–251, 253–263, 265, 267, 285, 315, 322–323, 329, 338, 346, 352–356, 358, 363, 365, 370

Learning economy

, 3, 20, 57

Learning organizations

, 17, 20, 234, 236

Learning process

, 45, 52, 58–59, 71, 84, 103, 131, 169, 175, 204, 210, 238, 362, 365–368

Learning society

, 3–4, 23, 26, 40, 58

Legal environment

, 101, 203, 290

Lifelong learning

, 12, 20, 33, 35, 40, 85, 126–127, 131, 155, 157, 189, 223, 231, 233, 235, 238–240, 247, 249, 330, 354

Linkages

, 13, 74, 100, 126, 204, 212, 226, 244, 311, 319–322, 334–337, 341, 345, 369

Local government

, 14, 23, 25, 65, 79, 91, 158, 161, 163, 165, 168, 170–175, 178–180, 182–183, 208, 259–260, 328, 366

Local initiative

, 14, 66, 259, 344, 356, 362–365

Local knowledge

, 15, 35, 51, 126, 153–154, 159, 259, 330, 355, 363

Local learning

, 365, 367

Management

, 3, 6, 9, 15, 21–22, 28–29, 31, 33, 35, 41, 45, 52–57, 80, 83–87, 93–94, 100–102, 104–105, 108, 112–119, 123, 126–127, 130–131, 146, 149–150, 167–168, 172–175, 177, 189–190, 197–199, 209–215, 219, 226, 230–231, 233–239, 243–247, 252–253, 255–257, 261–262, 264–266, 273, 276, 278–279, 287, 298, 321, 329–330, 332, 334, 336, 338–339, 347–349, 353–354, 365

Managerial innovation

, 102, 200, 211, 226, 236–237, 306

Managing change (change management)

, 6, 13, 41, 53, 57, 83, 104, 118, 176, 226, 230, 233, 236, 252, 260, 264, 348, 365

Managing expectations

, 356

Managing risks

, 150, 253

Media

, 4, 13, 18, 24, 26–27, 33–34, 85, 98–99, 123, 131, 147, 152–153, 156–158, 171, 181, 204, 222, 230, 232, 258, 274, 276, 279–280, 282, 315–318, 361–362

Mexico

, 33, 155, 203, 226, 240, 256, 310, 320, 323, 338, 347

Micro and small enterprises (MSEs)

, 219

Microfinance

, 133–134, 164–165, 180, 218–219, 327

Mobile applications

, 23, 44, 205–206

Mobile banking (mobile money)

, 18, 133, 135, 146, 205, 213, 218–219

Mobile government (m-government)

, 77, 97–98, 151, 252

Mobile health (m-health)

, 113–115, 119, 121, 123, 145

Mobile phone

, 17, 24, 32, 44, 92, 97–98, 103, 114–115, 117, 127, 133–134, 137–138, 140, 143, 146–147, 149–150, 152, 155, 157, 163–164, 192, 195, 205–206, 353, 362

Mobile society

, 26–27

Mobile technology

, 98, 125, 132, 136, 268, 299

Mobilizing demand

, 9, 94, 162, 235, 252, 303

Mobilizing stakeholders

, 70, 74–76, 208

Monitoring and evaluation (M&E)

, 48, 53, 71, 119, 130, 204, 213, 259, 366, 368–370

Multi-channel service delivery

, 92–93

National development strategy

, 9, 30, 63, 275, 350, 369

National digital transformation strategy

, 13, 43

Network effects

, 12, 43, 50, 74, 151, 190, 204, 345–346, 360

Networked economy

, 222, 350

Networked government

, 82

Networked Readiness Index (NRI)

, 45–46, 68–69

Networked society

, 4, 23, 43, 176, 259, 271

Non-government organizations (NGOs)

, 66, 72, 106, 131, 139–140, 143, 147, 149, 152, 158, 160–162, 164–165, 170–171, 175, 180, 188, 213, 215, 224, 256, 348, 352

Offshoring

, 32, 242–243, 309, 311–312

On demand government

, 25

Online government

, 204, 225

Online services

, 68–69, 89–90, 92, 94, 96–97, 112, 190, 231–232, 361

Open data ecosystem

, 59, 104, 182, 314

Open data

, 4, 10, 18–19, 24–25, 34, 44, 59, 66, 71, 81, 85, 102, 104–110, 140, 143, 146, 171, 174, 180, 182–183, 232, 247, 277, 306, 313–315, 326–327, 354, 367

Open government (Open government data, OGD)

, 9, 50, 77, 104, 354, 367

Open innovation

, 19, 28, 35, 184, 191–192, 234

Open source software

, 88, 129, 171, 191–192, 225, 252

Open systems

, 126

Open

, 3–4, 9–11, 16, 18–19, 24–26, 28–30, 33–35, 37, 39–40, 44, 50, 59, 64–66, 71, 77, 79, 81, 83–85, 88, 98, 102–110, 112, 120, 125–126, 129–132, 134, 140, 143–144, 146–148, 154, 167, 171, 174–175, 179–180, 182–185, 191–192, 202–203, 221, 224–225, 232, 234, 237, 239–240, 247, 252, 268, 273–274, 277–279, 294, 302, 306, 313–315, 325–327, 337, 346, 350, 354, 361, 365, 367

Outsourcing

, 25–26, 32–33, 35, 39, 84, 87, 109, 164, 189, 218, 230, 237, 242, 245, 248, 281, 301, 308–309, 311–313, 320, 322, 325, 339, 358, 365

Participatory approaches

, 180

Participatory development

, 152, 350, 352

Partnership

, 13, 19, 21, 23, 28, 49–51, 54, 56, 68, 72–74, 79–81, 84–85, 98, 102–103, 107, 109–110, 118, 126, 129, 139–140, 149, 160–161, 169, 172, 178, 180, 183, 186, 197, 206, 214, 216–217, 236, 241, 245–246, 250, 252, 258, 261–263, 265–266, 308, 325, 357–359, 365

Performance indicators (key performance indicators, KPIs)

, 85, 368

Personalization

, 81

Pilots

, 49, 59, 66, 114, 117–118, 122, 128, 175, 181, 260, 345, 360, 364, 366

Policy environment

, 36, 48, 118, 140, 156, 186, 202, 327, 359, 367

Political economy

, 10, 35, 75, 112, 143, 269–271, 283, 348, 356

Political leadership

, 6, 37, 56, 60, 221, 257, 263, 267, 285, 358

Portal

, 19, 35, 83, 85–86, 88, 90–91, 92, 94, 97, 104–105, 107, 120, 127, 130, 150–151, 159–160, 168, 181–182, 195, 314, 366

Poverty reduction (poverty eradication)

, 46, 67, 147–148, 161, 252

Priority setting (prioritization)

, 65, 74, 90, 279, 361, 363

Privacy

, 6, 70, 90, 93, 98–99, 101–102, 106, 117, 123–124, 135, 203, 205, 208–209, 213, 224, 274, 280–281, 284, 296, 300, 302, 314, 319, 354, 359

Private sector

, 11–12, 38, 49, 52, 54, 59, 65–66, 84, 98–99, 102, 108, 110, 118, 121, 126, 129, 131, 135, 139–140, 160–161, 178, 183–184, 189, 193, 196, 213–217, 220–225, 230, 232–233, 235, 237–238, 241, 243–244, 251–254, 258, 260, 262–263, 289–290, 294, 306, 315, 319, 321–322, 324–325, 327, 329, 332–334, 337–339, 349, 351, 357–359, 361, 364–365

Productivity

, 4, 29–30, 36, 44, 50, 84, 96, 108, 116, 126, 136–138, 144, 147, 167–168, 173, 176, 181, 188–190, 192, 198, 207, 210–211, 214–215, 217, 220–222, 224–225, 234, 247, 254, 269, 275, 307, 310–311, 320, 328, 355

Pro-poor innovation

, 159, 191

Public-private partnerships (PPPs)

, 9, 13, 50, 85, 88, 103, 109, 129, 242, 258, 275, 322, 325, 329, 334, 338–339, 357–359

Regulation

, 11–12, 19–20, 25, 38, 46, 69, 85, 96, 119–120, 125, 130–131, 135, 137, 140, 147, 174, 179, 182, 193, 202–203, 219, 223, 225, 231, 252, 258, 267, 271–276, 278–285, 290, 294, 302, 319, 322, 354

Regulatory environment (regulatory framework)

, 12–13, 101, 133, 140, 195, 205, 209, 213, 218, 224–225, 246, 253, 271–272, 281, 284–285, 293, 318–320, 322, 339

Research and development (R&D)

, 130, 161, 179, 191–192, 213, 222–223, 242, 253, 273, 275, 293, 306, 318, 320–323, 329, 335, 339–340, 348

Rural development

, 131, 164, 250, 341, 364

Scaling up

, 49–50, 122, 128, 139, 163, 165, 226, 232, 239, 242, 254, 330, 361, 364

Sectoral ecosystem

, 111, 252

Service(s) delivery

, 4, 6, 9–10, 15–17, 23, 26, 29–31, 35–36, 39–40, 44, 46–48, 52, 54, 56, 58, 65–70, 78, 81–83, 85–90, 92–95, 97–98, 101–103, 107, 110–116, 119, 121–123, 125, 127, 132, 134–135, 138, 140–141, 145, 148, 150, 153–156, 159–161, 165, 167–171, 173, 175–176, 179, 181, 183, 189, 191–192, 194–195, 199, 203, 208, 213–214, 222, 229, 231–232, 235, 237, 240–246, 249, 254, 257–258, 261–266, 268–270, 272–275, 283, 287–289, 291–292, 295–297, 302, 306–307, 309–317, 320–321, 323–327, 330–333, 335–338, 347–348, 351, 357–359, 362

Shared access

, 144, 155–156, 162–164, 180, 213, 293, 345

Silos

, 80, 86, 124, 185, 236, 346, 352

Singapore

, 13–14, 29–33, 37, 44, 46, 48, 57, 70, 86, 88–89, 91, 97–98, 101, 109, 151, 169, 179, 183, 198, 203, 214, 232, 237, 242, 245, 255–257, 261–264, 320–321, 334–336, 341, 344, 347, 351, 364, 367

Single-window (one stop shop)

, 91, 182, 194–195

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs)

, 35, 38, 44, 85, 147, 183, 193, 196, 198, 200–202, 204–205, 208–209, 211–214, 217–226, 233, 243–244, 246, 249, 253, 263, 275, 296, 307, 311, 316, 318–319, 321, 323, 325–327, 331, 336, 339, 356

Smart (intelligent, instrumented) infrastructure

, 3, 22, 172, 174, 176–177, 185–186, 198–199

Smart Cities

, 3, 10–11, 22–23, 29, 32, 65, 106, 167–186, 248

Smart city ecosystem (architecture)

, 43, 85–87, 117, 174, 184–185, 252, 254, 257, 282, 345

Smart development

, 28–29, 167, 354

Smart economy

, 3, 6, 12, 16–19, 21, 27–28, 43, 155–156, 229–230, 248, 252

Smart government

, 83, 266

Smart growth

, 22, 65, 167

Social inclusion

, 148, 176, 180, 250, 307, 361

Social networks

, 22–23, 27, 31, 38, 92, 157–158, 164, 232, 366

Sri Lanka

, 66, 113, 161, 164, 244, 256, 324

Stakeholder analysis

, 75, 352

Stakeholders

, 6, 8–9, 11, 13, 34, 36, 41, 47–48, 50–51, 53–57, 59, 63, 65–71, 74–76, 80, 83, 94, 97, 102, 106, 109, 111–112, 117, 121–122, 124, 131, 137–139, 141, 154, 159–160, 165, 175–176, 183–186, 201, 206, 208, 217, 221, 235, 250–251, 253, 256–258, 270–271, 275, 278, 280, 282, 289, 303, 306, 329, 344, 346–347, 350, 352–353, 355–357, 359, 366–367, 369

Strategic issues

, 52–55, 175, 254

Strategic options

, 71

Strategic planning

, 9, 41–60, 118, 175, 183, 186, 363

Strategic thinking (thinking strategically)

, 9, 49, 51, 53–54, 63, 154, 188, 235, 308, 351, 363

Strategy process

, 35, 53–55

Supply chains

, 5, 17, 21–22, 29, 32, 79, 116, 121, 172, 190, 199–220, 224, 226, 236, 247, 332

Sustainability

, 6, 11, 64–65, 73, 75, 98, 111, 118–120, 122, 128, 139, 144–146, 171, 173, 181, 186, 215–216, 276, 293, 296, 327–328, 330, 333–334, 345, 356, 366

Sustainable development

, 4–5, 15, 35, 51–52, 63, 66–67, 146, 167, 350

Synergy

, 13, 184, 254

Techno-economic paradigm

, 4–5, 27, 38, 72, 223, 343, 351

Technological change

, 9, 20, 31, 39, 51, 57–58, 71, 125, 158, 183, 231, 253, 267, 340, 357, 359, 369, 371

Technological competency

, 306

Technological innovation

, 9, 42, 161

Technological revolution

, 4–6, 31, 35, 38–39, 52, 125, 176, 187, 343, 360, 371

Technology parks

, 13, 265, 319, 321–322, 326, 330, 333

Telecenters (shared access centers)

, 155–156, 162–165, 217–218, 232, 249, 313, 342

Telecommunications infrastructure

, 69, 306, 311

Telecommunications policy

, 69, 140, 202, 222

Top-down strategy

, 367

Transformation process

, 5, 11–12, 14–15, 28–29, 31, 41, 47–50, 64, 69, 156, 246, 251, 255, 259, 267, 350, 353, 355, 364, 371

Transforming business

, 11, 146

Transforming government

, 9, 71, 77–110, 111–112, 146, 179, 193, 255, 367

Transforming society

, 6, 65

Transparency

, 5, 11, 16, 32, 35, 38, 66, 78, 80, 84–85, 90, 99, 103–105, 107–108, 110, 123, 133, 137, 141, 145–146, 148, 162, 168, 173, 182, 190, 193–194, 196–197, 247, 277, 283, 354, 358

United States of America (USA)

, 33, 171, 201, 256

User industry

, 209, 253

User innovation (user-led innovation)

, 192

Vision

, 4, 6, 8–10, 13, 23, 28, 41, 43, 47–50, 53, 57–58, 63–66, 68, 72–73, 80, 93, 108–109, 111–112, 114, 124–125, 130, 170–172, 175–176, 181, 183, 185–186, 189, 221, 232, 235, 250, 258, 263–264, 266, 312, 341, 344, 346–347, 352–353, 355–356, 363, 369–370

Whole-of-government (WOG)

, 6, 9, 77, 85–88, 90–91, 102, 179, 257

World Bank

, 7, 44, 54, 58, 68–69, 79, 107, 113, 115, 117, 121, 127, 133, 135, 137, 147, 154, 161, 194–195, 202, 240, 265, 287, 292, 298–299, 325, 338–339, 370