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Ukraine's current arrangements with Russia on gas imports and transit to Europe end in December, and a replacement deal is looking unlikely. Ukraine, Russia and the EU each have…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB244114
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
This offers Ukraine enhanced connectivity to the EU, increasing the volume of throughputs in response to Russia’s restrictions on Black Sea shipping, but also responding to…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284998
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
The report comes after statements by EU leaders that enlargement to the Western Balkans, Ukraine and Moldova has become a top priority. The war in Ukraine has reinvigorated the…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB282381
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Subsidies on basic goods and services account for around 12% of total government spending, imposing pressure on the budget without necessarily reaching those Iranians who need…