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Demography and past austerity raise the COVID-19 risks

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INT

COVID-19 particularly threatens the elderly; ageing populations and years of post-crisis austerity leave nations at risk

Many middle-income states face a fragile recovery

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INT

The G20 summit pledged vaccine equity to help low-and-middle-income nations, but not broader economic commitments

Persistently high food prices may spark social unrest

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INT

Cereal grains such as wheat provide essential sustenance to humans and animals; price surges raise risks of food crises

Pandemic response threatens climate funding shortfall

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INT

Low- and middle-income states must spend more than 1% of GDP a year on environmental protection but budgets may narrow

Worker shortages and skills mismatches will hit growth

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INT

High youth unemployment and rising worker retirements are straining labour markets and productivity

Prospects for emerging economies in 2023

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PROSPECTS 2023

Emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) face a cocktail of crises and global tensions will curb remedial action