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The EU’s phase-out of Russian gas is not guaranteed

Location:

EU

This is the trajectory followed by the majority of member states. However, blockages remain in east-central Europe, where Turkey could play a role in maintaining direct or…

Isolation from West will bring Russia and Iran closer

Location:

RUSSIA/IRAN

The two countries have turned to each other amid increasing isolation from international banking systems, export markets, and foreign resources and technologies. Deepening their…

Baku and Tbilisi will be main threat to EU power plan

Location:

CAUCASUS

A series of Black Sea connectivity projects is a promising development for both the South Caucasus and the EU. Georgian electricity exports could play a part in reducing European…

Auction sales presage Gazprom European effort

Location:

EUROPE

Gazprom held its first auctions, for Nord Stream gas, on September 7-10. Auctions represent a departure in Gazprom's sales strategy, and suggest that it is exploring alternatives…

Belarus seeks new partners to reduce Russian pressure

Location:

BELARUS

The abrupt halt to Russian oil supplies threatened the refining industry that is critical to Minsk's finances. Acutely aware of Russian leverage, Belarusian President Alexander…

Kazakhstan pursues own path while wedded to Russia

Location:

KAZAKHSTAN

Business relocations may provide a modest boost to Kazakhstan's hopes of diversifying its hydrocarbons-based economy and reducing reliance on Russia. For the moment, it needs…

Ukrainian grain dispute is likely to drag on

Location:

UKRAINE

A glut of Ukrainian agricultural products has driven down prices in neighbouring countries, prompting several governments to impose unilateral import bans. Protests by Polish…

Long-delayed Romanian motorway will help Ukraine

Location:

ROMANIA

This offers Ukraine enhanced connectivity to the EU, increasing the volume of throughputs in response to Russia’s restrictions on Black Sea shipping, but also responding to…

TurkStream will compete in a complex Balkan gas market

Location:

BALKANS

With TurkStream, Russia has opened a new export route to the EU through South-eastern Europe under the Black Sea: Bulgaria, Greece and North Macedonia are receiving Russian gas…

The EU will encounter obstacles in the South Caucasus

Location:

CAUCASUS

This follows years of the region being regarded as of peripheral interest to Brussels. Nonetheless, relations have not always been smooth.