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KAZAKHSTAN/CHINA: Ties set to strengthen further
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-ES203104
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
In June 2022, Russia booked almost twice the revenue (USD20.4bn) from such exports. Declining oil income poses a serious challenge to the administration of President Vladimir…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB280900
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Russia has lost almost all its customers in Europe, which bought 48% of its crude exports by volume last year. To compensate, it has been sending more crude to Asian markets in…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB274825
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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The steep fall in global oil prices and rapid spread of COVID-19 have ended hopes of economic revival in 2020. The government has allocated 300 billion rubles (4 billion dollars…
US fuel autarky and foreign policy.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB235628
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Kazakhstan-China ties.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB207604
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Higher oil prices, enhanced sanctions evasion and imported Iranian 'diluents' (liquids used to dilute heavy crude) allowed for a resurgence of Venezuelan oil exports and…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB266767
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Many producers, facing budgetary pressures because of low oil prices, support output restraint, but they need to act in concert. Russia and Saudi Arabia have offered a freeze…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB210577
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Russia's economic problems caused by the low price of oil and to a lesser extent Western sanctions are a challenge for Kazakhstan and the four other Central Asian states. In its…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB209755
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Russian management of external risks.