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Expert briefing
Publication date: 21 December 2022

Russia has lost almost all its customers in Europe, which bought 48% of its crude exports by volume last year. To compensate, it has been sending more crude to Asian markets in…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 31 July 2023

In June 2022, Russia booked almost twice the revenue (USD20.4bn) from such exports. Declining oil income poses a serious challenge to the administration of President Vladimir…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 26 January 2024

Most of Russia’s hydrocarbon export revenues are generated from oil now that gas sales have collapsed. Ambitious state spending plans are based on oil revenues rising this year…

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