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The recovery from the record low of 4.93 on May 23 may reflect officials’ efforts to counteract President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s disastrous interventions in Turkey’s economic…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB234089
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The EU on March 10 set a deadline of 2027 to “achieve independence” from Russian gas. Iran, which has the world’s second-largest gas reserves, has the potential to become a major…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB268371
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Brexit vote's impact on the Middle East.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB212884
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The Eleventh Development Plan for 2019-23.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB230033
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Russia maintains a delicate balance in the Middle East, preserving a close relationship with Shia-majority Iran and a security presence in neighbouring Syria while seeking…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286793
ISSN: 2633-304X
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President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has insisted on repeating municipal elections in Turkey’s largest city, where the mayoral candidate of his Justice and Development Party (AKP) was…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB243813
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Eastern Mediterranean countries are scrambling to step up production and develop export channels for their gas to meet demand from Europe due to the Ukraine war. However, they…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB281501
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The arrest and conviction of Jalali, a medical doctor and researcher, raised accusations from Western states that Tehran detains foreign nationals as 'hostages' to apply political…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB270833
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The European Commission has upped its contribution to 1 billion euros, with Germany next at 428 million, and Italy fourth at 225 million, after securing agreement that it would be…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB208255
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Turkey’s confrontation with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) is a key driver of regional and to some extent international policy. Erdogan’s comfortable victory in the May 2023…