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NICARAGUA/US: Biden gold sanctions could backfire
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-ES273608
ISSN: 2633-304X
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In 2019, the US Department of Justice (DoJ) charged Halkbank with having operated a scheme to evade US sanctions in 2012-13 by using the receipts of Iranian oil sales to buy gold…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB276251
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic has enabled President Nicolas Maduro to stabilise his domestic position. The government is leveraging humanitarian needs to bypass US…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB252910
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The turbulent political outlook.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB210190
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Zarrab has been revealing details of corruption at the highest levels in Turkey enabling him to set up a scheme whereby Iran was paid in gold for oil exports to Turkey in…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB226357
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Political and economic retrenchment.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB249554
ISSN: 2633-304X
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VENEZUELA: Sanctions worsen COVID-19 cash crunch
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-ES252739
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The announcement was swift, near-identical retaliation for the US Ankara embassy’s suspension of visa services, after the arrest of a Turkish member of the US Istanbul consulate's…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB224969
ISSN: 2633-304X
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TURKEY/US: Erdogan will escape sanctions-busting blame
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-ES226226
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Turkey's external balances in 2016.