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While the Governing Council is divided over the issue, President Christine Lagarde appears to favour more active fiscal policy by member states to stabilise the European economy.
This has been manifested across a number of policy areas including sanctions, immigration and the export of arms. However, maintaining such unity will become more challenging as…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB268579
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Overall, some 30% of the budget will involve climate-related spending. One of the key reforms concerns the EU’s own resources mechanism to finance spending, with plans to…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB255114
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme weather events that strain states' emergency response and fiscal resources. The latest wave of disasters showed no country in…
The recovery fund will consist of loans worth EUR360bn and grants worth EUR390bn that will be financed by European Commission borrowing. The main objective is to provide…
The proposals identified areas where the euro could potentially become more dominant, such as the issuance of green bonds, digital currencies, and international trade in raw…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB259761
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The proposals are the EU’s response to the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) announced by the US government in August. Thus far, IRA subsidies appear to be encouraging major…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB276197
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The bill, which will cost the government EUR500mn (USD540mn) each year, will focus on the provision of grants for new projects, expedited permitting and training for green…