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Expert briefing
Publication date: 14 September 2023

In the past 12 months, Bahrain, Egypt, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have become dialogue partners of the SCO, while Iran has become a full member.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 6 February 2023

Russia is encouraging a rapprochement between Turkey and Syria that does not explicitly include Iran, a key economic and military backer of the Damascus government. Tehran worries…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 5 June 2023

Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE have pursued a multipolar global soft power policy since the early 2000s in order to boost their international reputations and attract investment…

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