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Expert briefing
Publication date: 31 July 2023

In June 2022, Russia booked almost twice the revenue (USD20.4bn) from such exports. Declining oil income poses a serious challenge to the administration of President Vladimir…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 11 July 2019

Government forces have struggled to make headway in their offensive against the final rebel stronghold in the north-west. That campaign enjoys significant Russian support…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 6 February 2015

Tajikistan's options for joining Russian-led Eurasian Economic Union.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 21 February 2024

However, although output has grown, a tight labour market and persistent inflation have created new problems. The reorientation of trade away from Europe has resulted in a…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 27 September 2023

The rapid defeat of ethnic Armenian forces exposed the weakness of Russian security guarantees. Yerevan had already expressed dissatisfaction with Moscow's diminishing ability to…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 24 July 2023

Ukraine had been a significant grain exporter, much of it to poor countries, accounting for about 10% of world trade. The invasion stopped that. In July 2022, Turkey and the UN…

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