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BRICS members seek to reduce the dominance of the US dollar in global trade; a less dollar-focused approach to development finance from the NDB is consistent with this. The BRICS…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB279666
ISSN: 2633-304X
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This is the first time since 2010 that new members have been invited to join the group, signalling growing confidence among ‘middle powers’ and their intent to establish…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB282614
ISSN: 2633-304X
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War, sanctions and a mutual desire to overturn US-led regional security orders have pushed Moscow and Tehran closer together. Moscow desires to turn what has historically been a…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284914
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Meanwhile, the government is struggling with significant accumulated debt, including USD11.8bn that is scheduled to be repaid to the IMF over the next two years alone. The IMF…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB282002
ISSN: 2633-304X
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China has not sought to rival US efforts to manage the Israel-Gaza crisis. It has concentrated on deepening economic ties with the Gulf region while Washington faces growing…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284415
ISSN: 2633-304X
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However, although output has grown, a tight labour market and persistent inflation have created new problems. The reorientation of trade away from Europe has resulted in a…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285374
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Hosting the inaugural Saudi-Africa summit in November, Riyadh pledged to invest USD25bn, provide USD10bn in export finance and commit USD5bn billion to development projects by the…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB283920
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Russia seeks to enhance its cooperation with the Gulf Arab states to offset its diplomatic and economic isolation from the West, leveraging its status as a valued security partner…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284355
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The compromises made by the leading players on issues such as the Ukraine war may be enough to sustain the future of the G20 as a top forum for international economic cooperation…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB282846
ISSN: 2633-304X
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In the past 12 months, Bahrain, Egypt, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have become dialogue partners of the SCO, while Iran has become a full member.